-(Pollination and seed dispersal of Brazilian Myrtaceae). Myrtaceae is one of the most important plant families in Brazilian vegetation, especially forests. Its white, hermaphrodite flowers, with numerous stamens, and the fleshy fruits are exploited by a variety of animal species. This revision aimed to summarize the knowledge of the reproductive ecology of Brazilian Myrtaceae, bringing together information about the pollinators and seed dispersers of a great number of species. Data were compiled from the literature, complemented with unpublished information from the authors and other researchers. The majority of the pollination studies were carried out in Cerrado vegetation, whereas seed dispersal studies were conducted mainly on Atlantic Forest. Pollen is the major resource offered by Myrtaceae flowers. The flowers are visited mainly by bees, the pollinators of almost all species studied until now. The greatest number of visits to flowers is from Meliponinae and Bombinae bees (Apidae). Other insects such as flies and wasps also visit myrtaceous flowers, occasionally acting as pollinators. Bird pollination was reported for Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret and Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott, in which the main floral resource are the fleshy and sweet petals. Birds and monkeys are the main seed dispersers of Brazilian Myrtaceae, although other mammals, reptiles, fish and ants may interact and casually disperse seeds. Information on the pollination and seed dispersal agents of Myrtaceae in Brazil are still scarce, and its knowledge is essential to species preservation and the conservation of the Brazilian forests.Key words -Myrtaceae, pollination, seed dispersal, reproductive ecology, tropical forest RESUMO -(Polinização e dispersão de sementes em Myrtaceae do Brasil). Myrtaceae é uma das famílias de plantas mais importantes em várias formações vegetais brasileiras, especialmente nas florestas. Suas flores hermafroditas, de cor geralmente clara e com numerosos estames e os frutos carnosos são procurados por diversas espécies de animais. Esta revisão teve como objetivo sumarizar o conhecimento da ecologia reprodutiva das mirtáceas brasileiras, reunindo informações sobre os polinizadores e os dispersores de sementes do maior número de espécies. Os dados foram levantados da literatura, complementados com dados não publicados dos autores e outros pesquisadores. A maioria dos estudos de polinização foi desenvolvida no cerrado e os de dispersão na Floresta Atlântica. As flores de Myrtaceae são visitadas principalmente por abelhas, que coletam pólen e são os polinizadores da maioria das espécies. O maior número de visitas é de abelhas das subfamílias Meliponinae e Bombinae (Apidae). Outros insetos como moscas e vespas também visitam as flores das mirtáceas, poucas vezes atuando como polinizadores. A polinização por aves foi relatada em Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret e Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott, cujo recurso floral principal são as pétalas carnosas e doces. As aves e os macacos são os principais dispersor...

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The within-population variability of leaf spring and autumn phenology is influenced by temperature in temperate deciduous trees.

Abstract: Vegetation associated with rocky outcrops is responsible for increasing floristic and landscape diversity, since its flora can be different from the adjacent landscape. Our objective was to characterize the woody vegetation associated with the rocky outcrop of the RPPN Mirante da Serra, Cristalino region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In a Deciduous Seasonal Forest associated with granite outcrops, we demarcated a plot of 1ha. We performed collections on this plot, installed for conducting monitoring studies, and also random collections on trails near the plot to better represent the outcrop flora. We totaled 126 species, 95 genera and 39 families. Overall, 18 species were increased to the Flora of Cristalino - with seven new records to the flora of Mato Grosso and four new records to the Amazon Domain. We found two threatened and 17 Brazilian endemic species. The rocky outcrop present in the RPPN Mirante da Serra is an important conservation area for a continuous execution of floristic studies in a manner to enable a monitoring program of the area, considering the new occurrence records and also because it contains threatened species.

Plant phenology is rarely considered when selecting species used in restoration actions. However, considering the potential flowering and fruiting phenologies of species is a key point to: (1) evaluate the capacity of restoration actions in reestablishing ecological interactions (pollination and seed dispersal) and ecosystem functions (early germination and plant establishment to reduce soil erosion); (2) determine which species are most suitable to the target site, and (3) identify when and where locally adapted seeds can be harvested and purchased. Here, we evaluate the potential reproductive phenology of species occurring in restored and forest fragments in Southeastern Brazil. We asked whether flowering and fruiting phenological patterns differed among type areas. For such, we compared 14 restored areas and 18 nearby forest fragments and compiled phenological data from the literature for 267 species (84% of species sampled). Despite their low floristic similarity, restored and forest fragments showed close similarity of general potential flowering and fruiting periods year-round, peaking in the dry-to-rainy season. There were only slight differences in seasonality of two out of the eight parameters evaluated. Nonzoochorous species' fruiting was seasonal, while zoochorous species fruiting onset occurred year-round but was slightly seasonal in forest fragments. Comparing potential phenological patterns between restored and forest fragments using a compilation from secondary sources are unprecedented in Brazil at this scale. Our results highlight that applying phenological information, even from literature, is essential to improve the science and practice of future restoration actions, enhancing the likelihood of successful restoration of ecosystem functions and species interactions.

A fenologia investiga a ocorrência das fases do ciclo de vida das plantas e sua relação com os fatores bióticos e abióticos, auxiliando na compreensão da biologia das espécies e dinâmica dos ecossistemas. O conhecimento fenológico de espécies em florestas tropicais úmidas ainda é limitado, em especial no sul da Amazônia brasileira, onde inventários florísticos são escassos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a fenologia reprodutiva de uma espécie de sub-bosque, Palicourea racemosa (Aubl.) Borhidi (= Psychotria racemosa, Rubiaceae), comparando padrões fenológicos e produtividade entre duas áreas distintas de floresta ombrófila densa no sul da Amazônia, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. As fenofases reprodutivas (botão floral, antese, fruto imaturo e fruto maduro) foram avaliadas mensalmente durante um ano (junho/2016 a maio/2017) em 103 indivíduos adultos, por meio da contagem total de estruturas reprodutivas presentes na copa de cada indivíduo. O ciclo reprodutivo de P. racemosa ocorreu durante a estação chuvosa, com as fenofases da floração concentradas no início da estação e o desenvolvimento dos frutos se estendendo até o início da estação seca. O florescimento e a frutificação na estação chuvosa podem ser uma estratégia da espécie para garantir a reprodução na época do ano com maior disponibilidade hídrica. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as duas áreas de estudo quanto à época e duração das fenofases e à quantidade anual de estruturas reprodutivas produzidas por copa. A similaridade fenológica encontrada entre as duas populações de P. racemosa pode estar relacionada com as características ambientais relativamente similares entre as áreas florestais amostradas.