Resumo A aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) é uma técnica utilizada como fonte de nutrientes em áreas Abstract The application of pig slurry (DLS) is a technique used as a source of nutrients in agricultural areas, however, microbiological constitution presents soil contaminants and water. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of contamination by coliforms in the water in an adjacent property to Lajeado Erval New. The methodology consisted of water collected in Lajeado and soil on the property adjacent to evaluation by the Most Probable Number (MPN) for total coliforms (TC) and thermophilic (CTermo) and heterotrophic aerobic microorganisms
A atividade suinícola na Região Sul do Brasil, é desenvolvida em pequenas propriedades, com passivo ambiental relacionados aos dejetos. Nesse sentido, a aplicação de dejetos em áreas agricultáveis, é uma prática comum com riscos potenciais de contaminação, para o solo e a água. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a contaminação por nitrogênio e fósforo de fontes de água destinadas ao consumo humano em região com intensa atividade suinícola no estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de água, em poços de abastecimento, em propriedades suinícolas no período de 2015 a 2016, no município de Braço do Norte/SC, além de uma coleta de solo em dezembro/2015. Nas amostras de água foram determinados os teores de NH4+, NO3- e formas de P, no solo os teores de N mineral e P disponível. A contaminação dos poços de abastecimento por N aconteceu em duas coletas. Em relação ao P, todos os pontos avaliados apresentam-se contaminados, acelerando a eutrofização. Além disso, há estreita relação entre os teores de P no solo com os teores observados na água, indicando que o monitoramento dos teores de P no solo pode ser um excelente indicativo de contaminação de mananciais hídricos.
Potassium (K) nutrient existent in the soil does not always supply pear tree (Pyrus communis L.) demand, which makes the use of potassium‐based fertilizer necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of potassium fertilization on yield and pears quality in order to establish critical K levels in soil and leaves. The treatments consisted of K application rates of control, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg K2O ha−1 yr−1 during four crops (2013 to 2017). The fruit quantity, mass and yield were evaluated, and leaves were collected for nutrient analysis. Stratified soil samples were collected, prepared and subjected to exchangeable K extraction by Mehlich‐1. In the last two crops, peel color, ethylene production, and respiratory rate were also evaluated after 90 days inside a controlled atmosphere storage chamber. After storage, pears were submitted to a shelf life of 7 days to evaluate the epidermis color, ethylene production, respiratory rate, total titratable acidity (TTA), soluble solids (SS), and pulp firmness. Potassium fertilization increased the exchangeable K contents in the soil, but it was not always correlated with an increase of K concentration in the leaves and fruit. The most economical dose was 45.40 kg K2O ha−1 in the 2016/2017 crop season. It was not possible to estimate K critical levels in the soil and leaves. The fruits submitted to higher doses of K showed the lowest values of ethylene production and respiration rate, which resulted in an increase in storage life in cold rooms and on the shelves.
A captação de água perfaz o conhecimento das vazões mínimas de dado corpo hídrico, a demanda de uso, bem como de sua qualidade. Num primeiro momento, este trabalho teve por finalidade monitorar as vazões de sete nascentes no município de Três Passos - Rio Grande do Sul. As nascentes se encontram cercadas por áreas de lavoura e próximas ao antigo campo de pouso do município. As vazões foram medidas com um cano de PVC de 15 cm de diâmetro e um balde, e a vazão foi dada pelo volume acumulado no balde no período de um minuto. As nascentes foram monitoradas de setembro a novembro de 2013. A vazão variou tanto espacialmente quanto localmente. A maior vazão foi de 3,07 l/s na nascente 2 no mês de novembro, e menor 0,37 l/s na nascente 1 no mês de outubro. Com exceção da nascente 2, as outras possuem alguma forma de barramento sendo utilizada para irrigação e dessendentação. O volume de água nas nascentes resulta de seu uso direto e do uso do solo no entorno, o que favorece a diminuição da vazão e reforça a necessidade de proteção dessas áreas, principalmente com a recomposição da vegetação ciliar próxima a elas.
The suinicultural activity in southern Brazil generates jobs, has a positive economic impact, but generates a large amount of waste, which is usually applied in agricultural areas as a form of disposal and fertilization. The waste has in the composition pollutants and/or contaminants of the environment, which can cause degradation of water bodies. The study aimed to evaluate the contents of dissolved oxygen (OD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and cationic characterization, in waters in a hydrographic basin of southern Santa Catarina, with intense swine activity. The present study was developed from July/2015 to June/2016, in the municipality of Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina. Water samples were collected from four agricultural farms and three points of the Coruja River. Soil samples were also collected at the properties. The contents of dissolved oxygen (OD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (SDT) and cationic characterization (Ca, Mg and K) were evaluated in the water samples. The available levels of ca, mg and exchangeable K were evaluated in soil samples. The OD values in waters, in general, were lower than the minimum limit value established by the legislation, indicating high organic load that may be being conducted from adjacent agricultural areas to surface waters. For dissolved EC, SDT, Ca, Mg and K, there is no delimitation of maximum levels in CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. Therefore, not indicating contamination and / or pollution by these elements in water or soil.
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