Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS) syndrome associated with azithromycin presenting like septic shock: a case report.

The therapeutic management of uncomplicated bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) is based on short-term courses of oral antibiotics. The preferred drugs are nitrofurantoin trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin trometamol, fluoroquinolones and β-lactam agents. The choice of agent for treating uncomplicated UTIs should be based on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the molecule so that clinical benefit is optimized and the risk of antibacterial resistance is minimized. This article discusses the general pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) aspects of antimicrobial chemotherapy, the PK/PD characteristics of oral antimicrobial agents for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs and the pharmacological and therapeutic strategies for limiting or preventing bacterial resistance.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating, chronic, (auto)inflammatory disease primarily affecting apocrine gland-rich areas of the body. Although pathogenic mechanisms responsible for HS have not yet been fully elucidated, it is a multifactorial process whose main target is the terminal follicle. The role of the inflammatory process (and consequently of cytokine milieu) and of several other factors (genetics, lifestyle, hormonal status, microbiome, innate and adaptive immune systems) involved in HS pathogenesis has been investigated (and often defined) over the years with a view to transferring research results from bench to bedside and describing a unique and universally accepted pathogenetic model. This review will update readers on recent advances in our understanding of HS pathogenesis and novel (potential) medical therapies for patients with moderate-to-severe HS.

Adalimumab is the only biologic therapy approved for the treatment of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic and disabling skin condition. To date, there are no studies in the literature about the effectiveness of adalimumab biosimilar SB5 in hidradenitis suppurativa. The aim of this study was to evaluate its efficacy and safety. A retrospective observational study was performed in hidradenitis suppurativa adalimumab naive patients and in patients who were switched from the adalimumab originator. Eleven patients were included in the study. Our results support adalimumab SB5 as an effective and well tolerated drug, with a good interchangeability with its originator also for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Biosimilar therapies are an emerging option in the treatment of psoriasis and other immune-mediated diseases due to the lower impact on public health costs. 1,2 SB5, commercially known as Imraldi (Samsung Bioepsis), is approved in Europe for the treatment of the same clinical indications of the reference adalimumab (Humira-AbbVie). Phase III trials in rheu

The rifampicin (RF)–clindamycin (CL) combination is recommended as first line therapy in moderate to severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) by European S1 guidelines. Although prolonged use of RF should be discouraged, there are currently few alternatives to this combination therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess retrospectively the efficacy of oral CL monotherapy in patients diagnosed with HS. In the period January 2017–May 2018, 31 HS patients who received a 300 mg b.i.d. oral dose of CL were studied retrospectively. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by comparing the main HS severity scores (Sartorius score modified by Revuz, Hidradenitis Suppurativa Physician Global Assessment [HS‐PGA] and International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System [IHS4]) before (W0) and after (W12) CL oral therapy. CL efficacy was demonstrated by the extreme and significant reduction of all three disease severity parameters during the 12‐week period (p ≤ .01). There was also a statistically significant change in the mean visual analogue scale for pain. The present study demonstrates the efficacy of oral CL monotherapy as RF‐sparing regimen alternative to RF–CL combination in a selected group of patients.

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Background: Atopic Dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases , with an estimated prevalence of 2.1-4.9% in adults. Recently, advances in Atopic Dermatitis understanding have highlighted the role of an inappropriate Th2 cells activation as principally involved in its pathogenesis. Other immune pathways seem to play a key role in the complex Atopic Dermatitis pathophysiology. The anti-IL-4/IL-13 was the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adult patients whose disease is resistant to other therapies. Following its interesting results in terms of efficacy and safety new therapies are in development. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, IL-31 and TSLP are currently under investigation on patients with moderate to severe Atopic Dermatitis patients. Moreover also small molecules like anti-PDE4 and JAK inhibitors may also represents other treatment possibilities. Results: In this section, we present data available the efficacy and safety of newer molecules for the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Conclusion: The extreme clinical heterogeneity and the chronic progression of Atopic Dermatitis need for newer, safer and more effective treatments, able to control the disease and to improve the quality of life of affected patients. Dupilumab, and the other monoclonal antibodies and small molecules currently under investigation aim to improve the clinical management of Atopic Dermatitis.