The objective of this work was to perform a comparative analysis of the physiological, biochemical and agronomical parameters of recent and heritage durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf.) under water-deficit conditions. Five cultivars were grown under irrigated (control) and rainfall (stressed) conditions. Different agro-physiological and biochemical parameters were studied: electrolyte leakage, relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, proline, soluble sugars, specific peroxidase activity, yield and drought stress indices. It was revealed that a water deficit increased proline content, electrolyte leakage, soluble sugars and specific peroxidase activity and decreased relative water content, fluorescence and grain yield. According to these parameters and drought stress indices, our investigation indicated that old cultivars are the best-adapted to local conditions and showed characteristics of drought tolerance, while recent cultivars showed more drought susceptibility. Therefore, local cultivars of each country should be kept by farmers and plant breeders to preserve their genetic heritage.
The present work aims to study the germination behavior of seven Tunisian varieties of barley (Kounouz, Faiz, Roho, Manel, Lemsi, Rihane and Tej) during germination without or with NaCl. These varieties have been chosen in order to have the greatest possible diversity on the agro-physiologic level and to select tolerant plants to salinity. Barley grains are germinated (in Petri dishes lined with a double layer of filter paper soaked) in a solution of NaCl 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM for 7days. Two germination criteria were studied: the radicle breaching and the coleoptile's emergence. The measured parameters were the kinetics, the germination rate, the final germination and the GSI (Germination Stress Index). The results showed that, daily germination decreased significantly under NaCl. If we consider the two germination criteria, salt exerts a depressive effect on seed germination capacity of barley and slows germination speed. There is also an important intra-specific variability opposite of salinity. The studied barley varieties were classified in descending order of salt tolerance as following: Roho > Faiz > Kounouz > Manel > Rihane > Lemsi > Tej.
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