Urban, industrial, and tourist developments are considered of high priority in Egypt. In the current research, the site suitability investigation for rating the different environmental, geological, and geotechnical conditions facing civil engineering projects were assessed using a geographic information system (GIS) multi-criteria approach. The study area is one of the most promising areas for urban and touristic as well as industrial developments in Egypt, which is located on the NW coast of the Gulf of Suez. This area may face several geo-environmental problems that will limit its suitability for civil projects. Weighted GIS model, which integrates different types of data sources, such as land use/cover, geological, geomorphological, geophysical, environmental, remote sensing, and field data, can be achieved to create a site suitability map. In this paper, an analytical hierarchy process approach has been used to develop the weighted model for different factors. As a result of this study, areas of potential geotechnical and geo-environmental hazards that could impact the design and construction of civil projects were identified. Therefore, changes can be made early in the design process before significant design efforts are being invested.
Prediction of the formation pore pressure is considered as a significant simulation process during the drilling and production phases of the carbonate reservoir. The deficiency in this prediction allows for the occurrence of many troubles like blowouts, kicks, hole washouts, wellbore breakout, and stuck pipe. The most common conventional methods for the pore pressure prediction are Eaton's and Bower's methods which depend mainly on the normal compaction trend and commonly applied on Shales. The objective of this work is the prediction of the formation pore pressure by the application of the modified Atashbari prediction model upon the wireline logging data. This method depend on the porosity and the compressibility attribute of the rocks for the estimation of the pore pressure without any need for the normal compaction trends. The method was applied on the carbonate reservoir of the Middle Eocene Apollonia Formation, Abu El-Gharadig basin, Egypt. It is a gas bearing reservoir which characterized by its high porosity and low permeability. The results were compared with the other commonly used methods and show an improvement in the pore pressure estimation. It can be used as an individual method or in complement with other available methods.
The current research focuses on the detection of sea water intrusion in Rashid area which is located about 75 km east to Alexandria, Egypt. For this purpose, geoelectrical survey was carried out using the Schlumberger Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) to identify freshwater thickness, sea water intrusion and estimate subsurface lithology. Seventeen VES stations were measured with current electrode separation (AB/2) ranging from 1.5 m to 100 m. Then, the VES data was interpreted using 1-D and 2-D inversion schemes of DC resistivity data based on least squares method with smoothness constrains. The inverted resistivity distribution at relatively shallow depth shows an important low resistivity zone that probably reflects salt water alteration zone (northern parts). Depth to the freshwater bearing layer reaches its maximum at the south and decreases towards the north. From quantitative interpretation, invasion of salt water started at depth about 10 m at north in the thickness of freshwater bearing layer ranging from 15 to 25 m, while at depth of about 120 m all the layers were saturated with salt water.
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