Over centuries different elements have been developed in architectures for ensuring adequate natural ventilation in residential units. This study assesses the different components of an ancient windmill in Sistan, Iran, on the structure's indoor air quality (IAQ) enhancement. Several climatic scenarios have been defined by the wind analysis of Sistan meteorological data and analyzed by CFD. The site measurements confirm the accuracy of the simulation results. In the windmill, two deflectors facing the prevailing wind are the significant elements which, in addition to directing wind toward the entrance, could form vortices near the east and west openings leading to suction ventilation. Alteration of the wind speed and angle from 10 to 15 m/s and 30° to 17° would increase the air change per hour (ACH) by 150% and 110%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ACHs were higher than the ASHRAE desired level (ACH > 0.35).
Many studies have been done on various properties of dust and one of the most important characteristics of dust is the ability to carry different microorganisms from the source points. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial and fungal community of dust and to identify its dominance species in a single event of intense dust storm, in the northern regions of Sistan and Blauchestan Province (Sistan plain). Dust samples were accordingly collected by Siphon dust samplers after one of the most intense dust storms in 28-31 August, 2015, from 5 cities in the northern regions of Sistan and Blauchestan Province; after that, the microbial community of dust was determined by culturing in petri dish and its dominant bacterial and fungal species were identified. The results showed maximum aerobic and anaerobic bacteria population was observed in the Hirmand city dust (1875000 CFU/g and 156667 CFU/gr, respectively). The maximum aerobic fungi population was observed in the Zabol city (833 CFU/g) and the maximum anaerobic fungus population was observed in Zahak city (2167 CFU/g). The most frequent type of bacteria was Bacillus sp, which was followed by Streptomyces pactum. The most frequent type of fungi in this research was Penicillium sp and the second one was Aspergillus. The results showed the high and variated microbial community, especially pathogenic fungi associated with dust in this region.
Over centuries different elements have been developed in architectures for ensuring adequate natural ventilation in residential units. This study assesses the different components of an ancient windmill in Sistan, Iran, on the structure's indoor air quality (IAQ) enhancement. Several climatic scenarios have been defined by the wind analysis of Sistan meteorological data and analyzed by CFD. The site measurements confirm the accuracy of the simulation results. In the windmill, two deflectors facing the prevailing wind are the significant elements which, in addition to the directing wind toward the entrance, they could form vortices near the east and west openings leading to suction ventilation. Alteration of the wind speed and angle from 10 m/s to 15 m/s and 30° to 17° would increase the air change per hour (ACH) by 150% and 110%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ACHs were higher than the ASHRAE desired level (ACH > 0.35).
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