This paper aims at investigating the impact of public governance on the economic growth in Non-Oil-Exporting Arab countries (NOEAC). The study used panel data for six NOEAC over the period from 1998 to 2017. Some study variables were not stationary at level but they became stationary after taking the first difference for them. The result of applying Kao panel cointegration test revealed that the study model was cointegrated. Therefore, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) model was applied for estimation showing that governance factors have the greatest significant positive effects on the economic growth in such countries. Gross fixed capital formation, labor force growth rate, trade openness, economic freedom, rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption, and voice and accountability have statistically significant positive impact on their economic growth during the study period, while the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 (GFC) with its slow recovery has a significant negative impact on their economic growth. Political stability and government effectiveness have insignificant effects. The main conclusion derived from this paper is that political and institutional aspects can play an important role in the economic progress, and they are responsible for major contribution to economic growth and development. Therefore, attracting domestic and foreign direct investments, increasing labor and capital productivities, strengthening governance, improving public administration and eradication of corruption have the first priorities in NOEAC.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of fiscal policy tools on unemployment rates in Jordan during the period 1986-2019. Methods: The study estimated two models; the first consists of tax revenues and aggregate government expenditure as independent variables, and the second consists of tax revenues in addition to capital and current government expenditures as explanatory variables. Results: The study variables are integrated at different levels and cointegrated in both models as indicated by Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test and Bounds Cointegration test. Therefore, the study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach for estimation. The results for the first model clarified that the increase in aggregate government expenditure causes unemployment rates to decline in the short and long run. On the other hand, the results for the second model showed that the increase in tax revenues increases unemployment rates in the short and long run. Moreover, current government spending has significant negative short and long-run effects on unemployment rates, while capital spending has only a significant negative short-run impact. Conclusions: Based on these outcomes, the study has introduced some recommendations with regard to increasing the effectiveness of fiscal policy instruments in reducing unemployment rates in Jordan.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the long run impact of capital and current government expenditures on the economic growth of Jordan during the period 1990-2019. The study variables are integrated of different orders as indicated by Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. Granger causality test has demonstrated the ability of both government expenditure components to cause and predict changes in the economic growth. Engle and Granger cointegration test has revealed that there is a cointegrated long-run relationship between the study variables. Therefore, the study model was estimated by applying two estimation methods; Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) models. The results of both methods showed that capital government expenditure has a significant positive long-run impact on the economic growth, while current expenditure has a significant negative long run impact on such growth according to FMOLS results. Based on these outcomes, the study recommends some procedures that must be implemented by the Jordanian government in order to increase its productive investments and reduce current expenditure.

This study aims at investigating the impact of Covid-19 pandemic and Global Financial Crisis (GFC) on the performance of selected listed firms in Jordan. To achieve this objective, the study uses panel data for twenty firms over the period 2001-2020, obtained from Amman Stock Exchange database. All the study variables were found to be stationary at level, therefore, fixed and random effect models were applied to estimate two econometric equations with two performance indices. The results have revealed that both inflation and GFC have insignificant effect on the profitability of these firms, while debt ratio has a significant negative impact on their performance. The outcomes have also demonstrated the significant negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability of such firms. Based on these results, the study has introduced some recommendations that may help in mitigating the adverse consequences of Covid-19 pandemic and in improving the profitability of Jordanian firms.

This paper aims at exploring the main determinants of economic growth in Oil-Exporting Arab countries (OEAC) by shedding light on the most effective determinants. It is then wished that governments and policy makers would concentrate on and take them into consideration when they are designing and applying their public policies. The study used panel data for six OEAC over the period of 1998-2017. Some study variables were not stationary at level but they became stationary after taking the first difference for them. The result of applying panel Pedroni cointegration test revealed that the model was cointegrated. Therefore, FMOLS model was applied for estimation showing that gross fixed capital formation, labor force growth rate, economic freedom, rule of law, regulatory quality and government effectiveness have statistically significant positive impact on the economic growth of OEAC, while trade openness, control of corruption, political stability and voice and accountability have insignificant effects on their economic growth during the study period. Moreover, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 with its slow recovery has a significant negative impact on the economic growth of such countries. Therefore, the study recommends OEACs' governments to make "real" institutional reforms and adopt the appropriate polices that eliminate corruption and rent seeking behaviour and enhance the rule of law. They also need to improve the quality of education and to develop the skills and expertise of their labour force. In addition, they have to establish specialization in the production of goods in which they have comparative advantages and diversify their production and sources of national income, and not to depend only on exporting natural raw materials, which altogether eventually ensure resources are efficiently and effectively utilized in pursuit of their economic growth and social development.

The study aims at investigating the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth of Jordan during the period 1977- 2019 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The variables of the study were integrated of different orders as indicated by Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test. Bounds cointegration test revealed that there is a cointegrated long-run relationship between the study variables. The study results showed that there is a statistically significant positive long-run relationship between real GDP and each of broad money supply and total government expenditures. Moreover, the long-run coefficient of money supply was much greater than that of government expenditures, implying that the effectiveness of monetary policy is higher than that of fiscal policy in affecting the economic performance, and both policies can be implemented to stimulate the economic growth in Jordan. Therefore, the study recommends the Jordanian government to improve the management of fiscal policy by controlling its current expenditures, increasing the productive investments, as well as applying a comprehensive tax reform in order to strengthen the role of fiscal policy in boosting the economic growth.