Eustrongylides spp. is considered a freshwater fish zoonotic nematode. In the present study, the prevalence of Eustrongylides spp. in six edible fish (European perch - Perca fluviatilis, goldfish - Carassius auratus, largemouth black bass - Micropterus salmoides, tench- Tinca tinca, carp - Cyprinus carpio and sand smelt - Atherina boyeri) of Trasimeno lake was surveyed. The investigations were conducted from October 2014 to September 2015 and 384 specimens per species for each season were caught in Trasimeno lake and examined for the presence of larvae in the abdominal cavity and muscle. The presence of nematodes in the abdominal cavity and musculature was revealed in three fish species. The prevalence of Eustrongylides spp. infection was 6.84, 1.89 and 0.13% in perch, largemouth black bass and sand smelt, respectively. The number of parasites per fish was only one in largemouth black bass and sand smelt and ranged from one up to three in perch. This study states that the European perch, largemouth black bass and sand smelt of Trasimeno lake are infected with zoonotic parasites; therefore, food business operators have to take appropriate measures to guarantee the health of consumers.
Fructose, glucose, and sucrose were identified and quantified in commercial samples ofLycium barbarumL. fruits (goji berries) by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method. This study described a rapid, simple, sensitive, selective, and reliable HPLC method suitable for the profiling of major sugars in berries, the evaluation of the nutritional/energetic properties, and assessment of the maturation stage. The proposed analytical method was validated and the results showed good precision, accuracy, and linearity. In all analyzed goji fruits, glucose and fructose were the predominant sugars, while sucrose content was about ten times lower than each monose. It was observed that glucose and fructose were detected in comparable quantities in all considered samples. Quantitative analysis showed that fructose, glucose, and sucrose content ranged from 154.20 to 259.13 mg g−1, from 152.92 to 284.60 mg g−1, and from 13.75 to 36.43 mg g−1, respectively.
Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is valuable for its color, taste, aroma, and properties, which are influenced by the postharvest treatments. In this research solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to analyze saffron produced in the area of Cascia, central Italy. The samples were dried under different conditions as a function of time and temperature. The main volatiles in addition to safranal were isophorone, 4-ketoisophorone, and 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione. In some samples, two new compounds (2,4,4-trimethyl-1pentene and 1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,5-dione) were identified. Their content increased with drying temperature and time and they could be characteristic of saffron produced in the selected geographical area. Moreover the results confirmed that the drying conditions strongly influenced saffron volatile profile.
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