In many countries, include Indonesia, a centralized government has a sizeable negative impact on inequality of development. During the New Regime Order era with a centralized system, Indonesia's development is concentrated in the western part of Indonesia which had led to inequality in terms of per capita income and human development. To solve these problems, one of the economic reforms undertaken by the Indonesia government is changes the system from a centralized to a decentralized system. Through the fiscal decentralization under Law No. 22/99 and 25/99, they hope to improve people's welfare and reduce inequality. This research is aim to assess the effect of government spending and investment on the growth of per capita income and see the effect of the growth of per capita income towards Human Development Index (HDI). The method used is multiple regression with panel data and the study from year 2007-2012 by dividing the two groups of regions ie: western Indonesia and central&eastern Indonesia. Based on the research results, for the western Indonesia, goods and services expenditure has a significant effect on the per capita income growth and per capita income growth significantly affect the human development index (HDI). For the central and eastern Indonesia, domestic and foreign direct investment (DDI and FDI), goods and services expenditure, and capital expenditures have a significant effect toward per capita income growth and per capita income growth effect significantly toward the HDI.
Fiscal decentralization was firstly implemented in 2001 and has brought a new era of local autonomy in Indonesia. The objective of fiscal decentralization to local government is to increase the economic growth and public service. This research uses a panel data regression and quadrant analysis method with the data of cluster districts and cities in Indonesia from 2013 to 2018. Findings/Originality: The panel regression estimation shows that fiscal decentralization has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in all clusters. However, the quadrant analysis results show that on average 86.7% of all clusters districts and cities were in quadrant IV which reflects low fiscal decentralization and low economic growth. The implication of the result is that the government should increases the allocation of capital expenditure in local budget to accelerate local economic growth of the districts/cities in all clusters.
<em>Various economic literature has been widely disclosed that the level of income, the allocation of the education budget, the level of investment and infrastructure spending are fundamental factors directly affecting the level of poverty. In the end, reducing poverty levels is expected to improve the quality of human development. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of education budget allocation, health budget allocation, infrastructure budget allocation, population, open unemployment rate and inflation on poverty levels in Papua Province and see the effect of poverty levels on HDI in Papua Province. <em>This study uses quantitative methods to analyze the effect of independent variables on HDI with poverty as an intervening variable in Papua Province. Data was taken from 2010-2017 and came from 29 regencies in Papua Province in Indonesia. The analytical tool used is Multiple Linear Regression with Panel Data. <em>The findings of this study are significant education and health budget allocations to poverty levels, whereas for infrastructure allocation budgets, the population is not significant to poverty levels. Open unemployment and inflation are significant for poverty levels. Poverty Level Installed is very significant on the Human Development Index</em></em></em>
In the financial system and economy, the banking industry plays a crucial role. Default risk takes central stage in preserving financial stability and needs to be mitigated as it can trigger a crisis. The study examines the combined effects of monetary policy and bank competition on banking defaults. Using a sample of 95 commercial banks in Indonesia between 2009 and 2019, this study employs the Generalized Method of Moments, a two-step dynamic panel-data estimation system, to analyze it. Empirical estimation results show that monetary policy, through an increase in the benchmark interest rate, negatively affects probability of default. The extent of banking stability is also enhanced by monetary policy. Banking competition has a negative and significant effect on probability of default and has a positive effect on the banking distance to default. Furthermore, the combined impact of monetary policy and banking competition positively affects probability of default but has a negative impact on the distance of default. Building on this study, to promote a stable and more efficient banking system, policymakers should develop policies that foster complementary monetary and competition policies.
Indonesia memasuki era baru dari sentralistik menjadi desentralistik. Dampak dari desentralisasi tersebut adalah adanya dana pemberian dana perimbangan untuk melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab. Namun pemberian dana perimbangan tersebut, memberikan dampak lain yaitu ketergangungan pemerintah daerah kepada dana perimbangan. Penelitian menggunakan analisis metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresi panel data model dengan menggunakan data dari kluster kabupaten/kota dari kluster I sampai dengan IV dari tahun 2013-2018. Penelitian juga menggunakan analisis kuadran untuk melakukan mapping terhadap kabupaten/kota terhadap dana perimbangan dan kemandirian keuangan daerah. Hasil analisa regresi panel ditemukan bahwa pengaruh dana perimbangan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kemandirian keuangan daerah hanya di kluster II, sedangkan kluster lainnya tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemandirian keuangan daerah. Hasil analisa regresi panel ini sejalan dengan analisa kuadran bahwa dari data kabupaten/kota yang ada baik di kluster I-IV, hampir 91,3% kabupaten/kota yang ada berada di kuadran IV. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa secara rata-rata 91,3% kabupaten/kota memiliki dana perimbangan yang realtif rendah dengan kemandirian keuangan yang juga relatif rendah untuk kluster I, III dan IV. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota harus mengalokasikan anggaran kepada potensi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber penerimaan bagi daerah khususnya kepada belanja yang bersifat investasi dan produktif.
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