Changes in ventricular repolarization duration associated with HD largely depend on the concentrations of Ca(2+) and K(+) in the dialysis bath. These findings may have important implications for the choice of the electrolytes concentration of the dialysis bath during the HD session.

Abstract. This paper presents the X-ray spectroscopy of an X-ray selected sample of 25 radio-loud (RL) AGNs extracted from the XMM-Newton Bright Serendipitous Survey (XBSS). The main goal of the work is to assess and study the origin of the X-ray spectral differences usually observed between radio-loud and radio-quiet (RQ) AGNs. To this end, a comparison sample of 53 RQ AGNs has been also extracted from the same XBSS sample and studied together with the sample of RL AGNs. Since there are many claims in the literature that RL AGNs have, on average, a flatter spectral index when compared to the RQ AGNs, we have focused the analysis on the distribution of the X-ray spectral indices of the power-law component that models the large majority of the spectra in both samples. We find that the mean X-ray energy spectral index is very similar in the 2 samples and close to α X ∼ 1. However, the intrinsic distribution of the spectral indices is significantly broader in the sample of RL AGNs. In order to investigate the origin of this difference, we have divided the RL AGNs into blazars (i.e. BL Lac objects and FSRQs) and "non-blazars" (i.e. radiogalaxies and SSRQs), on the basis of the available optical and radio information. Although the number of sources is small, we find strong evidence that the broad distribution observed in the RL AGN sample is mainly due to the presence of the blazars. Furthermore, within the blazar class we have found a link between the X-ray spectral index and the value of the radio-to-X-ray spectral index (α RX ) suggesting that the observed X-ray emission is directly connected to the emission of the relativistic jet. This trend is not observed among the "non-blazars" RL AGNs. This favours the hypothesis that, in these latter sources, the X-ray emission is not significantly influenced by the jet emission and it has probably an origin similar to the RQ AGNs. Overall, the results presented here indicate that the observed distribution of the X-ray spectral indices in a given sample of RL AGNs is strongly dependent on the amount of relativistic beaming present in the selected sources, i.e. on the relative fraction of blazars and "non-blazars".

The histopathological data suggest that morphological differences between segmental and global forms do exist, possibly due to different pathogenetic mechanisms. An RB strategy could provide additional information on long-term renal outcomes. A strategy of protocol biopsies could be useful in perspective future trials to better understand the therapeutic response and the natural history of this disease.

Changes of plasma ionic concentrations may lead to modifications of atrial electrophysiology that can favour AF onset, namely a decrease of atrial CV and a decrease of atrial ERP.