The objective of this study was to evaluate hormone and energy profiles in the postpartum period and to correlate these profiles with the resumption of ovarian cyclicity, as well as characterizing the postpartum short estrous cycle of Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows. Twelve Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows were examined via rectal palpation and ultrasound at 10 days postpartum, and subsequently examined daily to evaluate the resumption of ovarian cyclicity as well as every five days in order to evaluate uterine involution. Upon analysis of the data, it was possible to observe the formation of two distinct groups, one of which was comprised of those animals which returned to cyclicity within 60 days postpartum and another comprised of those animals which returned to cyclicity more than 105 days postpartum. Therefore, animals were divided into two groups; precocious, designated Ov Group, and delayed, designated NOv Group, wherein the cut-off time for all tests was 60 days postpartum. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between the groups occurred only regarding the day of 1st ovulation, which in the Ov Group averaged 51.4 ± 9.3 days and in the NOv Group averaged 138.3 ± 19.8 days postpartum. The other postpartum short estrous cycle variables assessed did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the groups. NEFA, BHBA and thyroxine concentration levels did not differ (P > 0.05) between the groups in any of the statistical analyses. However, in the analysis comparing growth curves, triglycerides levels were higher for the Ov Group (P = 0.04) and cholesterol levels were higher for the NOv Group (P = 0.02). In this experiment, a small influence of a negative energy balance between the groups was observed, suggesting that these animals can present significant genetic variability due to natural selection, as evidenced by the formation of groups of animals with precocious and delayed reproductive characteristics.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the results of hysterosonography performed prior
to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to correlate anomalous
findings with hysteroscopy.MethodsFindings from 197 hysterosonograms of patients examined in an assisted
reproduction clinic between January 2012 and August 2014 were included.
Enrollment criteria: patients in preparation for IVF not recently submitted
to uterine examination through hysterosalpingography or hysteroscopy
referred to hysterosonography. Uterine cavity evaluation was considered
anomalous when one or more of the following were found: polyps, submucous
myomas, uterine synechiae, Müllerian duct anomalies. Individuals with
cavity abnormalities that might interfere with IVF results were referred to
hysteroscopy.ResultsNormal test results were seen in 170/197 of the cases (86.3%). Eighteen of
the 197 cases (9.1%) were suspected for polyps, two (1%) for submucous
myoma, six (3.5%) for synechiae, and one (0.5%) for Müllerian duct
anomalies. Sixteen of the patients diagnosed with abnormalities underwent
hysteroscopy to confirm or treat the suspected pathology. In only two cases
there was no agreement between tests: one patient suspected for synechiae
and another for polyps were not confirmed; another individual suspected for
polyps was found to have focal endometrial thickening in hysteroscopy. The
positive predictive value (PPV) in our study was 93.7%.ConclusionIn most cases, the diagnoses obtained by hysterosonography showed normal
uterine cavities. The most common anomalous findings were polyps, followed
by synechiae, submucous myoma, and Müllerian duct anomalies.
Hysterosonography is a good option for evaluating the uterus and offers a
high positive predictive value, while hysteroscopy stands as the gold
standard.
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