Modification of trout sperm membranes associated with activation and cryopreservation. Implications for fertilizing potential

Spermatozoa Cryopreservation of Sex-Reversed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): The Effect of Dilution Rate and Supplementation of a N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)-Glycine -Based Extender on Sperm Motility and Fertilizing Capacity

“…Significant advances have been performed in the development of this technology by modifying various factors such as the type and concentration of cryoprotectants, dilution ratio, freezing/thawing ratios, and packaging systems (Viveiros et al, 2015). However, post-thaw sperm motility and fertilization rates is still low in some fish species compared to fresh sperm (Asturiano et al, 2016;Purdy et al, 2016;Bozkurt et al, 2021). The formation of ice crystals, osmotic shock and cryoprotectants toxicity are the main factors for cold storage damage during freezing and thawing process (Meyers, 2005).…”

Oxidative stress and use of antioxidants in fish semen cryopreservation

“…Significant progress has been made in developing this technology through the modification of several factors such as type and concentration of cryoprotectants, dilution rate, freezing/thawing rates and packaging systems (Cabrita et al 2001;Dziewulska et al 2011;Ciereszko et al 2014;Viveiros et al 2015). However, post-thaw sperm quality is still low in some species compared with fresh semen in terms of motility and fertility rates (Galo et al 2011;Asturiano et al 2016;Purdy et al 2016). The toxicity of cryoprotectants combined with osmotic shock and the formation of ice crystals during freezing and thawing have been described as one of the main factors of cryodamage (Mazur 1963;Parks & Graham 1992;Meyers 2005).…”

“…Consequently, cryopreservation promotes an imbalance between ROS production and the antioxidant defence system (Halliwell 2006;Birben et al 2012;Shaliutina-Kolesova et al 2019); this imbalance is known as oxidative stress. According to some studies in fish, the ROS produced during cryopreservation promote alterations in sperm cells (Balamurugan et al 2018;Figueroa et al, 2019), resulting in lipid peroxidation (Martínez-Páramo et al 2012b;Klaiwattana et al 2016;Riesco et al 2017a), DNA fragmentation (Cabrita et al 2011;Ögretmen et al 2015), mitochondrial damage and dysfunction (He & Woods 2004;Cabrita et al 2005a;Figueroa et al 2016Figueroa et al , 2019, protein oxidation (Purdy et al 2016) and loss or inactivation of enzymes associated with sperm motility (Dietrich et al 2015;Nynca et al 2015;Klaiwattana et al 2016). For this reason, the supplementation of cryopreservation media with both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants has become a common practice in cryopreservation of the semen of several fish species (Cabrita et al 2011;Lahnsteiner et al 2011;Figueroa et al 2018;Li et al 2018); nevertheless, the use of these compounds is still controversial.…”

“…2016; Purdy et al . 2016). The toxicity of cryoprotectants combined with osmotic shock and the formation of ice crystals during freezing and thawing have been described as one of the main factors of cryodamage (Mazur 1963; Parks & Graham 1992; Meyers 2005).…”

“…2016, 2019), protein oxidation (Purdy et al . 2016) and loss or inactivation of enzymes associated with sperm motility (Dietrich et al . 2015; Nynca et al .…”