Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests with various signs and symptoms including erythema, telangiectasias, papules and pustules that mostly affect cheeks, chin, nose and the central forehead. Rosacea is considered as a continuous spectrum that includes different subtypes/ phenotypes (erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous), and might also encompass lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) and roasecea-like demodicosis.Objective: To assess the dermoscopic features of the different rosacea subtypes/phenotypes. Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of rosacea, confirmed or not by histopathology, or rosacea-like demodicosis diagnosed by skin scrapings or LMDF diagnosed histopathologically were included. Dermoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. The selection of dermoscopic variables was based on the International Dermoscopy Society Consensus on standardisation of terminology.Results: Eighty-five patients with facial lesions of rosacea were included in the analysis. Linear reticular vessels in regular distribution were present in the vast majority of the erythematotelangiectatic subtype forming the characteristic pattern of vascular polygons. A similar, but less pronounced, vascular pattern was typified in papulopustular subtype, with the additional presence of follicular plugs and pustules. Phymatous rosacea was characterised by variable morphologic types of vessels in a reticular arrangement, combined with follicular yellow clods. In granulomatous rosacea, focal orange structureless areas were found in all cases and perifollicular orange colour in most of them. In dermoscopy of LMDF, follicular criteria predominated, with perifollicular orange colour and
Backround : The histopathologic presence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cells at one or more margins of the specimen after surgical excision is considered suggestive of incomplete tumor clearance. The management of incompletely excised BCC might vary in different clinical scenarios from re-excision to application of other treatmenents or even watchful waiting.
Objective: Τo report the real-life management of incompletely excised BCC in a tertiary referral center and compare the recurrence rates according to the selected management modality.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary Dermatology Center in Northern Greece. Our electronic database was scanned over a 5-year period to retrieve all BCCs with available histopathologic assay reporting at least one involved margin (lateral or deep). The included patients were divided into 3 groups according to the selected management after incomplete excision: group 1 included those who underwent immediate re-excision (n=26), group 2 those who were followed-up without any additional therapy (n=40) and group 3 those who were treated with adjuvant/complementary non-surgical treatment (n=18). Finally, we recorded the presence or absence of residual tumor in the new histopathologic report of those tumors that were selected to be re-excised (group 1). The primary outcome was the appearance of clinical tumor recurrence.
Results: Of 1689 BCCs recorded in our database, 84 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Re-excision had been selected in 26 of 84 patients (group 1), watchful waiting in 40 (group 2) and non-surgical treatments in 18 (group 3). The histopathologic reports of the 26 tumors of group 1 that were re-excised revealed residual tumor in 14 (53.8%) cases. Overall, a clinical recurrence occurred in 14 of 84 patients (16.7%) after a mean follow up of 17 months. The median time to recurrence was 14 months. Of 40 patients without any treatment, recurrence developed in 10 (25%), while only 2 of 18 patients treated with non-surgical treatments recurred (11.1%).
Conclusions: Our study suggests that positive histopathologic margins after BCC excision result in a clinical recurrence only in a proportion of patients. This percentage is higher when no further treatment is applied and lower when the area is re-excised or treated with imiquimod alone or combined with cryotherapy.
The Writing the Nation Series sets the path but should not be an end in itself. The construction of a nation's history is a vast, almost never-ending field of study. It is a superb work and a valuable contribution to the European historiography and comparative history writing. One of the main tasks of historiography is to write critical analysis and to deconstruct national traditions. It is essentially an epistemological work being done as self-reflexive as possible. No doubt all the authors who took part in this project, contributed enormously to the debate about the historiography of their own nation. However, one should not take this book as the final word on the subject but rather as a contribution to an ongoing debate.
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