During the last decades, ion exchange materials technology has evolved from laboratory to industrial use with significant technical and commercial impact. The goal of this paper is to briefly review the ion exchange technologies used for nitrate removal from water intended for human consumption. The following information will be provided: a brief history of ion exchangers, design considerations, process considerations, advantages, disadvantages, process performance, costs and examples of water treatment plants across the Globe that use ion exchangers technology for nitrate reduction. Also, the experimental results regarding the influence of competitive ions on the nitrogen ion retention efficiency on a specialized ion exchange resin will be presented.
Nitrate is the most common form of nitrogen in water. The presence of nitrates in drinking water can harm human health, this is why the maximum concentration of nitrates in potable water is imposed by law. The main treatment technologies used for treating this kind of water are reverse osmosis, ion exchangers, electrodialysis and biological denitrification. The goal of this paper is to determine the efficiency of biofilters in reducing the ammonium concentrations in water, depending on the carrier/filtration media used in the biofilters, the C:N:P ratio used and contact time between water and the attached biomass. The paper is based on the result obtained during experimental tests in which the concentration of nitrates in the raw water was 150 mg/l.
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