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This study analyses the transition from the last job in the country of origin to the first job in Spain for immigrants from non-developed countries according to their country of birth. We used the 2007 Spanish National Immigration Survey to build empirical models of multivariate regression analysis considering the main factors that may influence the probability of downward and upward labour mobility for men and women separately. The inexistence of differences between men and women on the impact of networks and the key role of pre-settled partners in immigrants´ upward labour mobility are the main findings of this work.

Using the 1980 Census and 2010‐2011 Structural Survey, we compare the socio‐demographic profile and the occupational incorporation of Italian and Spanish immigrants arriving in Switzerland between 1976 and 1980 with those arriving during the second half of the 2000s. We find evidence that the traditional over‐representation of Italian and Spanish immigrants among the lower strata of the occupational hierarchy at the end of the guest worker period is explained by their negative selection in terms of education and host language proficiency, corroborating the human capital hypothesis. However, the results also show the persistence of occupational disadvantages for these immigrants after controlling for human capital characteristics, indicating the existence of segmentation dynamics in the Swiss labour market. In contrast, recent cohorts of immigrants from Italy and Spain have definitively joined the collective of highly skilled foreign workers correctly matched in the Swiss labour market in accordance with their positive skill‐selectivity.

In Switzerland, mothers' involvement in paid work often occurs on a part-time basis. The mechanisms driving the decisions and opportunities to access part-time employment differ between native and immigrant populations. In this paper, we address the extent to which the employment behaviours of the female population differ by birthplace and family situation. Using data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey, we decompose the effect of human capital and household income on participation and the number of hours worked. Contrasting patterns of employment emerge among women born in Switzerland, within the EU, and outside the EU, especially in the presence of resident children. Women's education has a stronger positive effect on participation for natives, whereas household income is proved to have greater influence on the participation outcomes for the foreign-born population. Nevertheless, compared with immigrant women having the same level of education and household income, natives work the fewest number of hours.

ResumenEste trabajo analiza la primofecundidad femenina y masculina en España entre 1999 y 2015. A través de la Encuesta de Población Activa en su versión panel, la probabilidad de tener un primer hijo se controla por edad y periodo de observación, y las variables independientes son el lugar de nacimiento, el nivel de instrucción y la relación con la actividad. Los resultados confirman el aplazamiento de la primera fecundidad entre los hombres y mujeres con mayor nivel educativo. La pervivencia de un patrón de género explicaría la mayor probabilidad de primera maternidad de las inactivas, mientras que el trabajo es indispensable para ser padre primerizo. No obstante, el desempleo y la temporalidad afectan negativamente a ambos sexos. La aportación de la población inmigrada queda confirmada especialmente por su calendario temprano. Key words AbstractThis study examines female and male first-time parents in Spain between 1999 and 2015. Based on the Labor Force Survey in its panel version, the probability of having a first child is controlled by age and observation period, using the independent variables of place of birth, educational attainment and employment status. Results confirm a delay in first parity births for men and women having a higher education level. The continuance of a gender pattern explains the higher probability of first-time maternity in unemployed women, whereas work is indispensable for being a first-time father. However, inactive and temporary employment negatively affect both genders. The contribution of the immigrant population is confirmed, especially due to its early timetable. Cómo citarVidal-Coso, Elena y Miret-Gamundi, Pau (2017). «Características de las madres primerizas y de los padres primerizos en la España del siglo xxi». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 116Características de las madres primerizas y de los padres primerizos en la España del siglo xxi IntroduccIón Es bien conocida la explosión de la fecundidad ocurrida en España desde finales de la década de los cincuenta hasta mediados de los setenta (Fernández Cordón, 1986), al igual que la tendencia contraria a partir de ese momento. Efectivamente, el sur de Europa, y España en particular, ha representado desde entonces un claro ejemplo de lo que los demógrafos llaman la fecundidad más baja entre las bajas (en inglés, lowestlow fertility), caracterizada por un Índice Sintético de Fecundad (ISF) inferior al 1,3 (Kohler et al., 2002). Estos mismos autores, así como Cabré (2003) o Miret (2006), han interpretado el brusco descenso en los niveles de fecundidad de los países europeos y su estabilización en niveles excepcionalmente bajos durante los dos últimos decenios del siglo XX, como el efecto de cambios importantes en el calendario de transición a la maternidad. De ese modo, el aumento de la edad a la maternidad, especialmente al primer hijo, estaba produciendo un efecto temporal, distorsionando a la baja el ISF (Bongaarts, 2002;Sobotka, 2004;Goldstein et al., 2009). El fenómeno se conoce en inglés como postpon...

One of the outcomes of the Great Recession has been the emerging pattern of households maintained exclusively by women. The analysis of intra-couple characteristics is crucial in the context of job segregation by gender and by immigrant origin, such as in Spain. Using the panel version of the Spanish Labor Force Survey from 2008 to 2015, we analyze the transition of dual earner couples to female-earner couples among Latin American and Spanish born households. Our results suggest that migrant vulnerability is not only a consequence of a segregated labor market by gender and origin but is also the result of the partners' relative occupational and family characteristics. We show that, unlike Spanish-born couples, the risk of Latin American families becoming female-headed is higher for those couples in which the female partner has the weakest position in the occupational scale and for those with children in the household.