The article provides an analysis of the variability of the composition of hydrocarbon fluids from the Bovanenkovo field (Yamal, Western Siberia) in order to better understand the geological processes that led to the formation of this field and the reformation of the composition of fluids in the layers of this field. It is shown that geochemical information on the composition and properties of oil, condensate and gas allows to “reconstruct” the geological stages of the formation of deposits in their modern form. The data on the properties of fluids, group and molecular composition of the light and middle parts of oils and condensates of various layers are given. Differences in the composition of hydrocarbons from different reservoirs of the field, the relationship of the composition of fluids with oil deposits and superimposed geological reorganizations in the Yamal area already formed were demonstrated. In terms of composition, three groups of oils were identified: residual, whose composition was formed as a result of the migration of relatively low-molecular components, light oils with a high content of paraffins and light (low-paraffinic) oils and condensates. It is shown that differences in the composition of oils are due both to the composition of the original organic matter for them and to migration processes after the formation of accumulations of hydrocarbon fluids.
The problem and the aim. The formation of skills in working with information, its critical assessing and analysing, using it for managing actions, communicating with artificial intelligence and other people. These skills serve as important indicators that determine the effectiveness of the didactic system. The inclusion of gamification elements in the educational space of a digital school allows you to create additional conditions for the development of relevant skills. The purpose of the article is to research the conditions for the use of metagames by studying theoretical informatics to improve the quality of educational results of pupils. Research methods. The metagame is applied in different forms such as a series of role-playing games united by a didactic goal, an integrating multisubject educational environment, a game situation involving the obligatory application of external knowledge (information) for the development of the plot. 60 students from Lyceum No. 21, the Railway Educational Centre of Kirov (Russian Federation) took part in the research. The average age of respondents was 16 years (55% of girls and 45% of young people). Metagames are included in the study of theoretical questions on the topics "Information and Knowledge," "Information Perception and Presentation", "Information Processes," "Measurement and Information". The authors have developed materials for a control test, including 45 tasks. Digital services, a graphic editor, interactive simulators are used. Pearson’s criterion χ2 (chi-squared) was used for statistical data processing. Results. The author's approach to understanding the essence of a metagame as a system of story-role-playing or board games united by a common didactic goal is formulated. The results of each stage/round of the metagame are taken into account in a following iteration in some form. Pupils studied an experimental group of topics related to theoretical informatics. This study was supported by the metagames "Counting on Trust," "From Code to Code," "Information Lotto," "Smart Car". Statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes in the pedagogical system were revealed, (χ2 = 9,162; p < 0,05). In conclusion, clarifies the conditions for the use of metagames when studying the foundations of theoretical informatics to improve the quality of educational results. The age characteristics of pupils were taken into account when formulating message texts. Digital services were enabled. The metagames included combination of oral, written communication, interaction over a computer network.
Within the eastern part of the Fukang depression, the main productive series are confined to the Permian and Jurassic oil and gas complexes (OGC), in which the Middle Permian and Lower-Middle Jurassic oil and gas source rocks (OGSRs) are distinguished. The article discusses in detail the oil and gas source characteristics of the Middle Permian and Lower-Middle Jurassic rocks, the molecular composition of oils and bitumoids from the OGSRs, and also interprets the characteristics of the biomarkers in them from the standpoint of the sedimentary-migration theory of oil generation. An attempt is made to explain the reasons for the difference in the properties and composition of oils from different OGCs. It is shown that the composition of hydrocarbon fluids of deposits is determined not only by the geological and geochemical conditions of sedimentation of oil and gas source deposits, but also associated with migration processes and subsequent secondary changes in the accumulation. In terms of composition, three groups of oils were identified: Permian and Jurassic heavy oils with a light carbon isotopic composition and the presence of β-carotene and gammacerane, they underwent different degrees of biodegradation, which depended on the geological conditions of the deposits; Permian medium oils in density (0.84 and 0.87 g/cm3), the composition of biomarkers of which is very close to that of the first group, and Jurassic light oils with a high content of solid paraffins and a heavier carbon isotopic composition, almost do not contain β-carotene and gammacerane concentrations are low.
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