Thing. In recent years, the importance of sports in improving the health of the population by involving people in physical education has increased. However, sports of the highest achievements are associated with the risk of occupational diseases. Physical and emotional stress of athletes can lead to impaired health. Dental diseases are also common in people involved in sports. In domestic and foreign literature, athletes describe bruxism, occlusal disorders, periodontal disease, tooth abrasion. Of particular interest are injuries of hard tissues of the teeth of athletes in connection with their highest prevalence, ineffectiveness of treatment and prevention. The goal is on the basis of a clinical and laboratory study of the state of hard tooth tissues in athletes, to develop and justify the tactics of complex treatment, prevention of diseases of hard tooth tissues. Methodology. All participants underwent a comprehensive dental examination, which included the main research methods (determination of complaints, medical history, external examination, examination of the oral cavity, detection of diseases of hard tissues of the teeth, malocclusion) and additional (X-ray examination, “hamburg testing”, diagnosis of T-scan, assessment of oral fluid indices, cytological examination of buccal epithelium, electrometry of hard tissues of teeth, assessment of resistance of hard tissues of teeth). Results. Based on the results, we developed a new treatment-and-prophylactic toothpaste based on Silivatit organosilicon glycerogel hydrogel with the addition of nanostructured hydroxyapatite. Its biocompatibility, remineralizing and anti-inflammatory activity are proved, and clinical efficacy in athletes with diseases of hard tissues of the teeth is confirmed. The tactics of the complex treatment and prevention of diseases of hard tooth tissues in athletes based on the differentiated choice of filling materials have been substantiated. Conclusions. Thus, the optimized tactics of complex treatment and prevention of diseases of hard tissues of the teeth prevents the progression of diseases, the development of complications, and improves the quality of life of athletes.
The manual is intended for students of the Faculty of Dentistry, residents, practicing dentists of various specialties. Dedicated to current issues of laser dentistry. Developed taking into account world scientific and clinical practice, experimental, laboratory and clinical data obtained by the authors. This manual presents materials relating to modern ideas about the use of laser technology in dentistry, highlights modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, clinical cases are given.
Subject. With increasing age of patients, in many cases, the severity of periodontal diseases also increases, and dystrophic ones join the inflammatory processes. Local predisposing factors in the oral cavity are aggravated by concomitant somatic diseases and a decrease in compensatory processes against the background of physiological aging. Literature data indicate that the manifestations of the physiological process of aging and pathological processes (inflammatory and dystrophic) can be clearly observed on the example of buccal epithelial cells. The aim is to identify the relationship between the age of patients, their periodontal status and the cytological characteristics of buccal epithelial cells. Methodology. All study participants were divided into two groups: the first included patients with a conditionally healthy periodontium (72 people), the second - with a chronic inflammatory process in the periodontium (57 people). In accordance with the WHO classification, a gradation of age was carried out: young (18―44 years old), mature (45―59 years old), elderly (60―74 years old), senile (75―90 years old). All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination, sampling and cytological examination of the buccal epithelium, calculation of the integral indices of the buccal cytogram. Results. In healthy patients, a weak positive correlation was established between the cytogenetic index, the index of the accumulation of cytogenetic disorders and age, a weak negative correlation was found between the proliferative index and age. In patients with an inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, a multidirectional change in the values of the buccal cytogram indices was observed, which may indicate an imbalance in the processes of regeneration, apoptosis, and cellular damage in inflammatory periodontal diseases in older age groups. Conclusions. In patients with healthy periodontal disease, a regular accumulation of cytogenetic disorders occurs with increasing age, while proliferative activity, on the contrary, decreases. Patients with inflammatory phenomena in the periodontal tissues are characterized by imbalance, impaired coordination of regeneration and apoptosis processes, combined with the most pronounced reactivity in the middle age period.
Subject. In recent systematic reviews, the question of the clinical value of cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family in chronic periodontitis (CP) has been discussed. Some authors consider them to be reliable biomarkers, while others believe that although they allow differentiating gingivitis and severe CP, the quantity and quality of published works require further research in this area. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical value of the level of cytokines of the IL-1 family in chronic mild periodontitis. Methodology. All study participants were divided into two groups: main and control. The main group included 45 patients with mild chronic periodontitis, the control group consisted of 32 practically healthy volunteers without periodontal pathology. The concentration of IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-1RA (receptor antagonist) in the oral fluid was determined by the method of multiparameter fluorescence analysis with magnetic microspheres (хMAP-technology, Luminex). Results. In the group of patients with periodontitis, there was an increase in the oral fluid levels of IL-1RA by 3.14 times (p = 0.01), IL-1α - by 2.3 (p = 0.02) in comparison with the control group. The integral characteristic of the clinical value of the parameters (AUC) is quite high for both indicators: IL-1RA ― 0.91 and IL-1α ― 0.94. The content of IL-1β and IL-18 did not change significantly. Conclusions. The study found an increase in the concentration of salivary cytokines of the IL-1 family in CP. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of such tests as the content of IL-1α and IL-1RA in the oral fluid make it possible to consider them as biomarkers of mild chronic periodontitis.
Subject. Clinical and cytological manifestations of a new coronavirus infection in the oral cavity. Objectives. Identification, description and systematization of the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of a new coronavirus infection in the oral cavity in older patients. Methodology. The clinical study involved 50 elderly (60–74 years old) and senile (75–90 years old) patients who visited a dentist after an infection from September 2020 to February 2022. Study group 1 included patients with dystrophic syndrome, study group 2 – with inflammatory periodontal syndrome, study group 3 – with occlusive syndrome. Patients underwent dental and general clinical examination. The cytological study included an assessment of the cytoplasmic and karyological abnormalities level, calculating the integral indices of the buccal cytogram. Results. Most often, dental manifestations of a new coronavirus infection occur in older patients. All manifestations in the oral cavity are nonspecific, and the pathognomonic syndrome has not been established. The most common clinical manifestations are candidiasis, exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, exacerbation of herpes infection, etc. The cytological changes in the buccal epithelium reflect a general trend towards an increase in degenerative-dystrophic changes in cells, the predominance of apoptosis processes. Conclusion. Patients with dystrophic syndrome showed the greatest polymorphism of clinical manifestations associated with a new coronavirus infection (candidiasis in 59%, exacerbation of herpes infection in 47% of patients). In patients with inflammatory periodontal syndrome, exacerbation of chronic periodontitis was noted in 100% of cases. In patients with occlusive syndrome, there is an aggravation of the teeth hyperesthesia. Analysis of the integral indices of the buccal cytogram showed signs of accumulation of cytogenetic disorders after the infection.
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