An Airedale Terrier was presented for evaluation of depression and reluctance to be touched on the head. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head was performed. The images revealed bone lesions affecting the calvarium at the level of the coronal suture and left mandibular ramus, with focal cortical destruction, expansion, and reactive new bone formation. Skull lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted sequences, hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences, and showed an intense and homogeneous enhancement after gadolinium administration. Reactive new bone formation and periosteal proliferation were confirmed histopathologically. The clinical signs, imaging findings, and histopathological examination were consistent with craniomandibular osteopathy.

Leukoaraiosis is a descriptive term used to designate bilateral, symmetrical, white matter lesions identified in brains of elderly human patients. These lesions are isointense to normal in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1-weighted pulse sequences, non-contrast enhancing, and hyperintense in T2-weighted and FLAIR pulse sequences. Pathophysiologic mechanisms for leukoaraiosis remain incompletely understood; however, an ischemic origin is currently being favored. Age-related changes, such as brain atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and well-demarcated sulci, have also been previously described in dogs over 9 years of age. Objectives of this retrospective case series study were to describe MRI features of leukoaraiosis and brain atrophy in a group of elderly dogs. The Dick White Referrals MRI database between October 2009 and April 2016 was reviewed. Dogs with bilaterally symmetrical periventricular areas of T2 and FLAIR hyperintensity compatible with leukoaraiosis, and older than 9 years, were included. Fourteen dogs met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 18 MRI studies available for review. Median age for sampled dogs was 13 years. Ten dogs had MRI signs of concurrent brain atrophy; one of them had signs of brain atrophy before leukoaraiotic changes could be identified. In those cases where serial MRIs were available, progressive reduction of interthalamic adhesion thickness was observed. The current study introduces leukoaraiosis as a descriptive term for the MRI sign of bilaterally symmetrical, periventricular T2, and FLAIR hyperintensities in brains of elderly dogs. Future studies are needed to determine pathophysiologic mechanisms for this MRI sign.

BackgroundThe usefulness of routine follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI-2) in asymptomatic dogs treated for discospondylitis is unknown.MethodsThis cross-sectional retrospective study investigated the features of MRI-2 in a heterogeneous group of dogs treated for discospondylitis, and if these were associated with the presence or absence of clinical signs. After comparing initial MRI (MRI-1) and MRI-2, an observer, blinded to the dog's clinical signs, described the MRI-2 findings. The study population was then divided into symptomatic or asymptomatic at the time of MRI-2. Two separate observers subjectively classified the discospondylitis as active or inactive. Repeatability and interobserver agreement were evaluated.ResultsA total of 25 dogs were included. At the time of MRI-2 16 (64%) dogs were asymptomatic and 9 (36%) were symptomatic. Based on MRI-2, 20 (80%) and 18 (72%) out of 25 dogs were considered to have active discospondylitis by the first and second observers, respectively. Interobserver agreement was moderate. No MRI-2 features were associated with the clinical status. The subjective classification of inactive discospondylitis was significantly associated with asymptomatic clinical status, but the classification of active discospondylitis was evenly distributed between groups.ConclusionThis study did not identify a meaningful association between the clinical status of dogs treated for presumptive discospondylitis and MRI-2 results. There were no specific MRI-2 features which were associated with the clinical status.

An 8-year-old mixed-breed dog presented with progressive behavioral changes and altered mentation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed an olfactory and frontal lobe extra-axial mass. The mass exhibited the following MRI signal intensity characteristics: T2W mixed, T1W iso- to hypointense, FLAIR hyperintense, and strong contrast enhancement. The mass was removed with cavitronic ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) assisted neurosurgery. Based on histopathological appearance and immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis of inflammatory fibrosarcoma was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing MRI characteristics of intracranial inflammatory fibrosarcoma in the veterinary literature.

A five-month-old female entire Chihuahua was referred to the neurology-neurosurgery service at Dick White Referrals for investigation of acute onset of fly catching episodes, left-sided head tilt and circling. General physical examination revealed presence of a large fontanelle, a dome-shaped head and papilloedema. On neurological evaluation, obtunded mental status, vestibular ataxia, bilaterally reduced menace response, spontaneous ventrolateral strabismus and increased segmental spinal cord reflexes were observed. The neuroanatomical localisation was consistent with a multifocal intracranial lesion. The suspected diagnosis based on signalment and clinical findings was congenital hydrocephalus; other differential diagnoses included various anomalous diseases, inflammatory/infectious and metabolic disorders.Haematology and serum biochemistry were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance (MR; Hitachi Aperto open magnet 0.4T) of the brain was performed. T1-weighted, T2-weighted and fluidattenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were acquired in transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes. The images revealed severe

To report long-term (>1 year) neurological outcome and cognitive function following TBI in cats and dogs. To determine owner perceived quality of life post injury and if, , with the benefit of hindsight, euthanasia would have been elected instead.

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The primary objective of the study was to describe the MRI findings in dogs diagnosed with steroidresponsive meningitis-arteritis. MethodsThis was a retrospective case series. The clinical records of six UK referral hospitals were searched for dogs diagnosed with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis that underwent MRI. Data relating to the patient signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations and outcomes were collected. Blinded, consensus review of each MRI study was performed by two of the authors, with all findings detailed.