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CE is known for being one of the most powerful analytical techniques when performing enantioseparations due to its numerous advantages such as excellent separation efficiency and extremely low solvents and reagents consumption, all of them derived from the capillary small dimensions. Moreover, it is worth highlighting that unlike in chromatographic techniques, in CE the chiral selector is generally within the separation medium instead of being attached to the separation column which makes the method optimization a more versatile task. Despite its numerous advantages, when using UV-Vis detection, CE lacks of sensitivity detection due to its short optical path length derived from the narrow separation capillary. This issue can be overcome by means of different approaches, either by sample treatment procedures or by in-capillary preconcentration techniques or even by employing detection systems more sensitive than UV-Vis, such as LIF or MS. The present review assembles the latest contributions regarding improvements of sensitivity in chiral CE published from June 2013 until May 2015, which follows the works included in a previous review reported by Sánchez-Hernández et al. [Electrophoresis 2014, 35, 12-27].

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The enantiomeric separation of the antidepressant drug duloxetine was investigated by CE using 15 neutral CDs as chiral selectors. Among them, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-CD and methyl-γ-CD gave rise to the highest enantioresolution. The enantiomer migration order for duloxetine was found to be reversed depending on the CD employed: R-duloxetine was the first-migrating enantiomer for (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-CD while it was the second-migrating enantiomer for methyl-γ-CD. NMR and MS experiments were performed in order to justify this behavior. Although the elucidation of the structure of the enantiomer-CD complexes was not possible, their averaged stoichiometry was studied and their apparent and averaged equilibrium constants were calculated. The results obtained showed that the chiral separation of duloxetine by CE depends not only on the thermodynamic stability of the enantiomer-chiral selector complexes but also on their electrophoretic mobility.