Providers' distress of caring for patients with SUD is not inevitable. Hospital-based SUD interventions can reframe providers' views of addiction and may have significant implications for clinical care and providers' well-being.

Of the 93 human serum samples tested, the dengue prevalence based on dengue IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results was 93%. Three DENV specific positive samples and two YFV positives were identified by plaque-reduction neutralization test. Finally, one sample tested positive for dengue NS1, thus suggestive of an acute infection within 14 days of obtaining the sample from the patient. Based on these serological data from this study, YFV and DENV appear to be co-circulating in Mali.

Folate deficiency has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several tumor types. The role of folate in prostate cancer remains indeterminate. We investigated folate as a risk factor for prostate cancer among 140 biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer patients, 230 age-matched clinic controls, and 250 negative prostate biopsy controls. Dietary folate intake was inversely associated with overall risk of prostate cancer as compared to clinic controls (P for a linear trend = 0.003). When stratified by disease severity, dietary folate and folate from natural sources were associated with reduced risk of high-grade cancer as compared to both clinic controls (P for a linear trend = 0.0009 and 0.02, respectively) and biopsy negative controls (P for a linear trend = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). There was no interaction between alcohol consumption and folate intake. These analyses support an inverse association between dietary folate intake and prostate cancer risk and primarily risk of high-grade prostate cancer.

Annually, over 2.5 billion people are at risk for infection with dengue virus (DENV), while between 50 and 100 million people contract the infection. There is an urgent need for alternative diagnostic tools that can detect DENV during acute infection. Recent studies have shown that DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is detectable in the blood as early as the onset of symptoms and persists well into the convalescent phase of the infection. We evaluated the utility of the Bio-Rad Platelia DENV NS1 antigen capture kit in combination with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and an IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) for refining a new algorithm for the diagnosis of acute-or convalescent-phase DENV infection with a single clinical sample. We tested the Bio-Rad kit with three panels of sera. These panels were designed to evaluate the sensitivities of the NS1 kit for (i) early-convalescent-phase samples, (ii) acute-phase samples with false-negative PCR results, and (iii) IgM-negative convalescent-phase samples from patients with confirmed secondary DENV infections. Results show that NS1 can be detected in 22% of serum samples collected more than 10 days after the onset of illness and in 22% of samples that did not elicit an IgM response. Additionally, NS1 was detected in 37% of the tested acute-phase samples with false-negative PCR results, suggesting that NS1 detection may be valuable in increasing the sensitivity of current acute-phase diagnostics. These results will improve diagnosis with a single acute-phase or early-convalescent-phase sample for disease surveillance and clinical diagnosis.