The article studies the performance of national research universities, as universities, which are distinguished by high rates in the field of innovation, research and educational activities. The following indicators have been analyzed: the amount of publications performed by the university employees and the income from research activities in terms of financing of research from the budgetary funds of the Russian Federation. Based on statistical data, a cluster analysis of national research universities of the Russian Federation was performed.
The article explores approaches to determining the industrial risk of domestic and foreign authors. Definitions of risk are classified based on their attitude to risk: active or passive. The definitions of industrial risk are analyzed and its distinctive features are revealed. Industrial risk definitions have been classified.
Oil and gas industry occupies a significant place in the economy of the Russian Federation its share in GDP in 2021 was 17.4%. The trouble-free operation of oil and gas industry enterprises allows the stable development of this industry in particular and the economy of the state as a whole. Mining is associated with many risks general, inherent in any economic entity, and private, reflecting the specifics of the industry. Common risks include market, currency, natural, political and others. The risks inherent in the oil and gas sector are associated with the peculiarities of the production process, a high proportion of workers employed in production with harmful factors, accidents and injured workers, and harmful emissions. The object of the study is PJSC Gazprom, the largest gas supplier in the Russian Federation. The article considers such risk indicators as the number of accidents, the number of victims of industrial accidents, the volume of wastewater discharge into surface water bodies. These indicators are analyzed for the period from 2011 to 2021. A decreasing trend of these risk indicators, accompanied by fluctuations, is revealed. The cost of risk reduction measures was also analyzed: the cost of industrial safety, the cost of labor protection, the cost of environmental protection for PJSC Gazprom for the period from 2011 to 2021. Costs, in contrast to the considered risk indicators, do not have a definite trend. A model of the relationship between production volume, risk indicators and risk reduction costs has been developed. On the basis of the developed model, the problem of minimizing the total costs under regulatory restrictions on risk indicators is formulated. Separate functions have been developed that reflect the relationship between the number of accidents and the cost of industrial safety, the number of victims of accidents and the cost of labor protection, wastewater discharge and environmental protection costs. The presented models can be used by specialists of PJSC Gazprom when developing a risk management strategy, as well as by risk managers of other oil and gas enterprises after adjusting the parameters of the models taking into account the specifics of an individual enterprise.
The paper investigates the problem of searching for firm's costs function which minimizes the industrial risk of the firm. The framework considers the fiscal penalties for the environmental damage and the civil action penalties for individuals' property damages. We analyze an influence of the production costs function's parameters on the internal and external damage functions. Additionally, for the solution of profit maximizing problem, we analyze the influence of the product price on the risk costs.
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