Keywords film propaganda Francoism gender memory nationalism TV documentary elena oroz Universitat Rovira i Virgili women in blue staging the nation: The gendered articulation of the 'new state' in early Francoist propaganda documentaries absTracT Although previous studies have underlined how Francoist film propaganda during and immediately after the Spanish Civil War aimed to revive Spain's glorious past, women's role in national history and state building has barely been analysed. This article explores cinematographic representation of the Sección Femenina (Women's Section) of the Spanish Falange during the early years of Franco's regime, when the propaganda was led by the Falangist sector. Through textual analysis, the rituals, symbols and rhetorical strategies deployed in two documentaries are analysed. These documentaries depict the two main public rallies of the Sección Femenina, one in Medina del Campo at the end of the Civil War in 1939 and the other in El Escorial in 1944. A comparative analysis reveals that while the Sección Femenina played an active and progressive role in the articulation of the nation in 1939, by 1944 its function was mainly to represent tradition but outside the spaces where politics were negotiated and were visible.
Ha trabajado como productora y guionista de reportajes y documentales para las cadenas TVE y ARTE. Como periodista cinematográfi ca, ha colaborado con diversas publicaciones periódicas y en el libro Cine Directo. Refl exiones en torno a un concepto, Maria Luisa Ortega y Noemí García (eds.) En la actualidad, imparte tutorías de guión y realización en el Máster en Teoría y Práctica del Documental Creativo de la UAB, donde también ejerce labores de coordinación de producción, codirige la revista dedicada a la no fi cción Blogs&Docs (www.blogsandocs.com) y ha coeditado Pidra, papel y tijera. El collage en el documental (2009) para la sexta edición de Documenta Madrid.1 Chuck Kleinhans realiza, no obstante, un notable esfuerzo para vincular la práctica fílmica de Hammer con el trabajo de otras predecesoras en el campo del cine experimental como
Found Footage has never been a genre of itself. It is nothing but a method that can be found in various film genres: it has been applied in underground film as well as mainstream cinema. It has gained a subversive potential within experimental cinema. These days, most images have been in use; they have a long history of being functionalized, of being used and abused for a broad range of purposes.
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