Educational resources in the competitive world of higher education were often considered as key intellectual property, so access to those resources was restricted to privileged groups of students and professors, which is unacceptable in today's networked society. Today, an increasing number of institutions and individuals share such digital resources via the Internet free of any legal, financial or technical barriers. Open Educational Resources (OER) are the right way which enables free and accessible education to everyone and access to knowledge as public good. OER cherish the culture of participation, collaboration and sharing and with an open access to scientific information it brings a notable contribution in knowledge society development. The implementation of OER has certain limitations, in particular for small countries which use a non-English language, have limited resources and support to customize and create OER, their educational practice is founded on traditional teaching methods with occasional use of digital contents and ICT. The awareness raising and positive attitudes about OER are the first important step towards its acceptance. The empirical part of this paper is analysing attitudes toward OER among the scholars at few smaller public faculties in Croatia and their practice of sharing knowledge and teaching materials.

Problemsko područje rada je informiranje i manipulacije informacijama. Fokus se stavlja na informacijske poremećaje i prepoznavanje lažnih vijesti jer to postaje sve veći problem, posebno u digitalnim medijima koji omogućuju njihovo viralno širenje. U radu su opisane vrste informacijskih poremećaja, s naglaskom na dezinformacije i lažne vijesti koje se najčešće objavljuju s ciljem manipulacije javnošću. Osim njih, terminološki se determiniraju pojmovi misinformacija, malinformacija i infodemija. Analiziraju se načini širenja lažnih vijesti, od onih koje šire ljudi – najčešće putem društvenih mreža, pa do upotrebe „botova“. Da bi se što bolje prepoznali informacijski poremećaji, te na pravilan način reagiralo na njih, iznose se smjernice i alati koji omogućuju provjeru istinitosti informacijskih sadržaja. Dostupna istraživanja ukazuju da je prisutnost lažnih vijesti u medijskom prostoru globalan problem, pogotovo u vrijeme pandemije koronavirusa, ali nije zastupljen u svim zemljama istim intenzitetom. Hrvatska se navodi kao zemlja čiji stanovnici znaju izbjegavati lažne vijesti. Vlastitim istraživanjem dobio se uvid u učestalost i najčešće oblike informiranja kod studenata, te njihovu sposobnost prepoznavanja lažnih vijesti. Studenti preferiraju informiranje putem digitalnih medija (web, društvene mreže), dok je upotreba tradicionalnih medija značajno manja. Smatraju da su najpouzdaniji izvor informacija televizija i radio, a internet (izuzimajući društvene mreže) je na drugom mjestu. Iako smatraju da su uspješni u prepoznavanju lažnih vijesti, iskazali su značajno manju stvarnu sposobnost njihovog prepoznavanja.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the open access culture and its impact on the use of Open Educational Resources (OER). There are many examples of using the term “open access culture”, but without giving an explicit description of it. The aim of this research is to offer conceptualization of the open access culture, identify its main components, and determine the impact of this variable on the intention to use and the actual use of Open Educational Resources by the members of public higher education institutions in Croatia. The sample consisted of 427 respondents. Keeping in mind that culture has a significant impact on the behaviour of an individual, but it also manifests itself through this behaviour, the research model will be proposed. The variable “open access culture” will be observed on a personal, professional and organizational level and it will include attitudes, perception, norms and politics towards open access to scientific and educational content and knowledge sharing. For the purpose of this study a questionnaire was prepared. Each part of the variable “open access culture”, as well as the intention to use and the actual use of OER, has been tested using a set of statements with answers on a 5-degree Likert type scale. The respondents have expressed a moderate open access culture. The actual use of OER, as well as the intention to use OER, is also in the middle of measurement scale. In order to achieve the aim of this research, three main hypotheses have been proposed. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the proposed model with predictor variable “open access culture” has a significant prognostic value on the intention to use and the actual use of OER, with a stronger influence on the intention to use OER. Considering the individual influence of the components of the predictor variable, the open access culture at professional level has the strongest influence on the intention to use and the actual use of OER.

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