Abstract. The Merkle signature scheme (MSS) is an interesting alternative for well established signature schemes such as RSA, DSA, and ECDSA. The security of MSS only relies on the existence of cryptographically secure hash functions. MSS has a good chance of being quantum computer resistant. In this paper, we propose CMSS, a variant of MSS, with reduced private key size, key pair generation time, and signature generation time. We demonstrate that CMSS is competitive in practice by presenting a highly efficient implementation within the Java Cryptographic Service Provider FlexiProvider. We present extensive experimental results and show that our implementation can for example be used to sign messages in Microsoft Outlook.
We propose GMSS, a new variant of the Merkle signature scheme. GMSS is the first Merkle-type signature scheme that allows a cryptographically unlimited (2 80 ) number of documents to be signed with one key pair. Compared to recent improvements of the Merkle signature scheme, GMSS reduces the signature size as well as the signature generation cost.
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