Псковский государственный университет, ПсковВ условиях глобализации все более значимой формой территориальной организации общества становятся транснациональные (межгосударственные) и трансграничные (между частями государств) регионы. Сегодня вместе с «комплексными» трансграничными регионами (еврорегионами) выделяются и «отраслевые», в частности, в сфере туризма и рекреации. В данном исследовании на основании главных и дополнительных признаков трансграничного туристско-рекреационного регионообразования выделено семь туристско-рекреационных микрорегионов на границе России с Эстонией и Латвией. Проведена классификация микрорегионов по транспортной связанности территорий, общности истории и этнического состава населения, тесноте социально-экономических связей, величине трансграничного туристского потока. Оценка уровня сформированности данных трансграничных микрорегионов выглядит следующим образом: «выше среднего» -российскоэстонские микрорегионы «Ивангород-Нарва» и «Изборско-Печорский край/Сетомаа», «средний»российско-эстонский микрорегион «Псков-Тарту», «ниже среднего» -российско-латвийский микрорегион «Псков-Цесис», «низкий» -российско-латвийские микрорегионы «Пыталово-Резекне» и «Себеж-Резекне». Российско-эстонский микрорегион «Чудское поозерье» отнесен к категории «потенциальных».К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : трансграничный регион, туризм, рекреация, «новое российское порубежье», Эстония, Латвия.In the context of globalization, transnational (interstate) and transboundary (between parts of states) regions are becoming an increasingly important form of the spatial organization of the society. Along with the -complex‖ transboundary regions (Euroregions), -branch‖ regions in the sphere of tourism and recreation Манаков А.Г., Голомидова Е.С., 2018 *Исследование выполнено в рамках стратегического проекта Псковского государственного университета «Россия начинается здесь» (программа «Опорный университет») 157 can currently be distinguished. In this study, seven tourist-recreational micro-regions on the Russian-Estonian and Russian-Latvian borders are identified based on the main and additional features of the crossborder tourist-recreational region formation. The paper provides a classification of micro-regions on the grounds of transport connectivity of territories, the mutual history and ethnic composition of the population, the contiguity of socio-economic relations, and the size of the transboundary tourist flow. The study made it possible to give the following assessment of the level of development of these cross-border micro-regions: -above average‖the Russian-Estonian micro-regions -Ivangorod -Narva‖ and -Izborsk-Pechory/Setomaa‖, -medium‖the Russian-Estonian micro-region -Pskov -Tartu‖, -below average‖the Russian-Latvian micro-region -Pskov -Cesis‖, and -low‖the Russian-Latvian micro-regions -Pytalovo -Rezekne‖ and -Sebezh -Rezekne‖. The Russian-Estonian micro-region -Chudskoe Lake District‖ is classified as -potential‖.
—International tourism was among the sectors of the global economy most affected by the COVID‑19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify the differences in the dynamics of the tourist flow in Finland and Estonia during the first eight months of 2020 compared to 2019, as well as changes in the structure of the inbound tourist flow to these countries. The particular interest in studying tourist flows in Finland and Estonia stems from the fact that over the past two decades, they were among the top ten countries in the world in terms of the volume of outbound tourism by Russians, as well as among the leaders in this indicator among European Union countries, which is directly related to their neighboring position with Russia. Tourism in Estonia and Finland went through a rather difficult period of spring quarantine, and its recovery in the summer began with domestic tourism. There has also been an increase in the inbound tourist flow. At the same time, the best dynamics was demonstrated by the flow of tourists from neighboring countries that are EU members, the border with which for tourists was already partially open in summer 2020. The adjacent territories of neighboring countries are part of cross-border tourist and recreational regions, within which tourist flows have been recovering faster than tourist exchange with other, geographically more remote states. This conclusion gives hope for a fairly quick recovery of cross-border tourist exchange between Russia and neighboring countries after the postpandemic opening of borders.
Nowadays international tourism is among the sectors of the world economy most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify differences in the dynamics of tourist flow in Finland and Estonia during the first eight months of 2020 compared to 2019, as well as changes in the structure of incoming tourist flow to these countries. Particular interest in studying the tourist flows of Finland and Estonia is due to the fact that over the past two decades they have been among the top ten countries in the world in terms of outbound tourism of Russians, as well as among the leaders in this indicator among the EU States, which is directly related to their neighboring position with Russia. Tourism in Estonia and Finland experienced a rather difficult period of spring quarantine, and its recovery in the summer began with domestic tourism. There has also been an increase in the incoming tourist flow. At the same time, the best dynamics were demonstrated by the tourist flow from neighboring countries of the European Union, the border with which was partially opened for tourists in the summer of 2020. Adjacent territories of neighboring countries are the part of the cross-border tourist and recreational regions, within which tourist flows were restored faster than tourist exchange with other, geographically more remote States. This conclusion gives hope for a fairly rapid recovery of cross-border tourist exchange between Russia and neighboring countries after the “opening” of borders at the end of the pandemic.
The series of questions regarding selection a new criterion for assessing the degree of formation of transboundary tourist- recreational regions of different level is considered in the article. The proposed criterion is transboundary tourist cluster which can be regarded as a core of the transboundary tourist-recreational region. The research relies on the scientific developments in the framework of two concepts in geography of tourism and recreation and exactly, the concept of the tourist clusters and the cross-border tourist-recreational regions. The developments experience of classification of tourist clusters based on the available scientific research within this approach is represented in the first part of the research article. The proposed classification relies on such tourist clusters features as their stage of development, tourist dominants, types of developed tourism, administrative and political status and the size of the covered area, location relative to the state border, etc. The existence of the transboundary cluster can show a fairly high degree of formation of specific transboundary tourist-recreational region. The second part of the research represents the results of testing this classification of tourist clusters in Pskov region and also in the adjacent areas of neighboring countries that are the parts of the transboundary Russian-Estonian tourist-recreational regions of different hierarchical level.
Official statistics on inbound and international tourism in different countries due to differences in estimation methods do not give the full idea of the value of cross-border tourist flows. The purpose of the study is to find aparameter, which would allow to evaluate the value of cross-border tourist flow, as well as the level of formation of cross-border touristic-recreational regions of different scales. In the capacity of such aparameter in the article there is an annual number of crossings of the border via multi-sided vehicle checkpoints. Within the region of the research, stretching along the border of Russia with Norway, Finland, Estonia and Latvia, there are 15such checkpoints. Altogether there are four cross-border touristic-recreational meso-regions in the researched region, the level of formation of which is evaluated to be an average and above average. Still, there were three more cross-border touristic-recreational micro-regions of the first order identified, the level of formation of them is estimated to be below average and low.
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