This paper focuses on a novel approach for false-positive reduction (FPR) of nodule candidates in Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) systems following the suspicious lesions detection stage. Contrary to typical decisions in medical image analysis, the proposed approach considers input data not as a 2D or 3D image, but rather as a point cloud, and uses deep learning models for point clouds. We discovered that point cloud models require less memory and are faster both in training and inference compared to traditional CNN 3D, they achieve better performance and do not impose restrictions on the size of the input image, i.e. no restrictions on the size of the nodule candidate. We propose an algorithm for transforming 3D CT scan data to point cloud. In some cases, the volume of the nodule candidate can be much smaller than the surrounding context, for example, in the case of subpleural localization of the nodule. Therefore, we developed an algorithm for sampling points from a point cloud constructed from a 3D image of the candidate region. The algorithm is able to guarantee the capture of both context and candidate information as part of the point cloud of the nodule candidate. We designed and set up an experiment in creating a dataset from an open LIDC-IDRI database for a feature of the FPR task, and is herein described in detail. Data augmentation was applied both to avoid overfitting and as an upsampling method. Experiments were conducted with PointNet, PointNet++, and DGCNN. We show that the proposed approach outperforms baseline CNN 3D models and resulted in 85.98 FROC versus 77.26 FROC for baseline models. We compare our algorithm with published SOTA and demonstrate that even without significant modifications it works at the appropriate performance level on LUNA2016 and shows SOTA on LIDC-IDRI. Keywords: Image analysis • Computer vision • Computer detection • Computer-assisted • Lung cancer • Pulmonary nodule • False-positive reduction • Point cloud • Chest CT Supported by BOTKIN.AI, Skolkovo.
This paper proposes novel end-to-end framework for detecting suspicious pulmonary nodules in chest CT scans. The method's core idea is a new nodule segmentation architecture with a model-based feature projection block on three-dimensional convolutions. This block acts as a preliminary feature extractor for a two-dimensional U-Net-like convolutional network. Using the proposed approach along with an axial, coronal, and sagittal projection analysis makes it possible to abandon the widely used false positives reduction step. The proposed method achieves SOTA on LUNA2016 with 0.959 average sensitivity, and 0.936 sensitivity if the false-positive level per scan is 1/4. The paper describes the proposed approach and represents the experimental results on LUNA2016 as well as ablation studies.
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