In this paper, a structuration model is developed to evaluate opportunities and constraints that may arise for a port authority operating a port in the Arctic. The study builds upon the new institutionalist approach to transport infrastructure policy. It argues that given the specificity of operational conditions in the Arctic, as well as the expectations of the resource-driven future transformations, the conventional port development models cannot accurately depict factors of Arctic port activity. The proposed structuration approach focuses on how four dimensions of the policy environment (physical, economic, institutional, and environmental) enable and constrain policy choices available to a port authority. Application of this model to the case of Sabetta, a deep-sea multifunctional port constructed in the Ob estuary of the Yamal peninsula (Russia), demonstrates the inextricable links between actions and institutions and pinpoints the uncertainty factors that affect Arctic port development "from scratch." The practical objective of this research is to introduce a dynamic multi-factor model for systematic evaluation of the policy environment in Arctic port development. Given that industrial activities in the Arctic region will proceed at the current speed or accelerate, lessons learned from the case of Sabetta will be relevant to other port infrastructure projects in the Arctic.
Big -it is magnificent, seductive and fabulousSmall -it is fine, quivering and sensitive Abstract. The aim of the study was identification of ultra-small territories, features of their economic development and modern business status in the context of the classification of small economies. The object of investigation is small economies of West European and Nordic countries as well as ultra-small autonomous territories of Åland and Faroes islands affiliated to Finland and Denmark, respectively. The hypothesis of the article is that ultra-small autonomous territories under consideration are developing as the "competitive subperipheries" due to their special industrial organization, stimulated by the national and, partially, by the EU economic policy supporting the economic growth of both autonomies. The methods of the study comprise analysis-synthesis, historical and logical methods, international comparisons. The main conclusion is that the Åland and Faroes islands are nowadays converting into the transport-logistics, informational, financial bridges among different European regions and countries.
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