For the first time in the territory of the Russian Far East, a study related to the establishment of correlations between air quality and public health in Ulan-Ude (Buryatia, Russia) was carried out. This study is based on the analysis of official medical statistics on morbidity over several years, the data on the composition and volume of emissions of harmful substances into the air from various stationary sources, and laboratory measurements of air pollutants in different locations in Ulan-Ude. This study confirmed that the morbidity of the population in Ulan-Ude has been increasing every year and it is largely influenced by air pollutants, the main of which are benzo(a)pyrene, suspended solids, PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide. It was found that the greatest contribution to the unfavorable environmental situation is made by three types of stationary sources: large heating networks, autonomous sources (enterprises and small businesses), and individual households. The main air pollutants whose concentrations exceed the limits are benzo(a)pyrene, formaldehyde, suspended particles PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide. A comprehensive assessment of the content of various pollutants in the atmospheric air showed that levels of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to public health exceeded allowable levels. Priority pollutants in the atmosphere of Ulan-Ude whose concentrations create unacceptable levels of risk to public health are benzo(a)pyrene, suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde, and black carbon. The levels of morbidity in Ulan-Ude were higher than the average for Buryatia by the main disease classes: respiratory organs—by 1.19 times, endocrine system—by 1.25 times, circulatory system—by 1.11 times, eye diseases—by 1.06 times, neoplasms—by 1.47 times, congenital anomalies, and deformations and chromosomal aberrations—by 1.63 times. There is an increase in the incidence of risk-related diseases of respiratory organs and the circulatory system. A strong correlation was found between this growth of morbidity and atmospheric air pollution in Ulan-Ude.
Aim. Carry out a hygienic assessment of the health risk levels associated with drinking water with high nitrate and nitrite content in the rural territories of the Republic of Buryatia. Methods. The assessment of the content of nitrates and nitrites in drinking water in comparison with the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in the period 2010-2019. Based on the application of the risk assessment methodology, non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) for adult and child populations of priority territories is calculated. Results. On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, according to the largest content of nitrates in the drinking water of a centralized cold water supply system, 2 priority territories were identified: Mukhorshibir and Tarbagatai districts. The maximum nitrate concentrations reached 4,52MPC and 4.11MPC, respectively, which is 1.71 and 1.45 times higher than in the previous 5-year period. A similar situation was observed in the non-centralized water supply system in these areas, including in the Mukhorshibirsky district 1.88 times (4.98MPC), Tarbagatai 2.53 times (3.41MPC). Conclusions. The unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk due to nitrate contamination of drinking water at the level of the average centile trend (Me) is established for the adult and child population provided with centralized water supply in the Tarbagatai region. The HQ exceeds the acceptable level for children consuming decentralized drinking water in the Mukhorshibir district. The risk levels for children and adults due to the oral intake of nitrites with drinking water of centralized and non-centralized water supply were not dangerous (HQ1).
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