The shape of the egg is directly related to the productive and reproductive qualities of broilers. Large and small egg diameters are characterized by low variability (Сvbd = 4.74%, Сvmd = 2.73%). However, the range of variability of these characters was 9 and 10 mm, respectively; and 64.12% and 75.16%, respectively, of the layers according to these characters are outside the modal classes. The most informative is the small diameter of the egg. The correlation coefficient of the small diameter of the egg with live weight at 28 days of life is 0.734 (P <0.01), with hatchability of 0.270 (P <0.05). In addition, the small diameter of the egg has a significant negative relationship with mortality of embryos during the incubation period. The proportion of genotypic variation in the small diameter of an egg in both fathers and mothers is two times greater than that of a large diameter. Consequently, the small diameter of the egg, which, as a sign of chicken selection, can be another breeding trait increasing the offspring's live weight and reproductive qualities.
Rabbit as one of the species of farm animals has a number of advantages: precocity, prolificacy, low expenditures on housing and feeding, high payback of feed production. The purpose of the research was to study the economic and biological characteristics and product quality of rabbits of different origin. Comprehensive research has been carried out under the environments of LLC “ACRO” in the Omsk region. Four experimental groups have been formed for research: the 1st group included animals four purebred females and one purebred male of White Giant breed; the 2nd group included four purebred females and one purebred male of California breed; the 3rd group included four purebred females of White Giant breed and one purebred male of California breed; the 4st group included four purebred females of California breed and one purebred male of White Giant breed. The maximum level of profitability of rabbit production has been obtained in the group of animals obtained from direct crossbreeding of White Giant and California breeds – 22,7 % (the 3rd group). This figure was higher by 9,6 % then in the group’s purebred animals of breed White Giant (the 1st group), 4,6 % then in group of animals obtained from the backcrossing breeds of California and White Giant (the 4st group) and 3,2 % then in group of purebred animal of the breed of California (2nd group). It has been found as a result of the conducted research that crossbreds obtained from direct crossbreeding of White Giant and California breeds have been superior to purebred herdmates of White Giant and California breeds, as well as animals obtained from backcrossing of California and White Giant breeds in terms of growth rate, formation characteristics, slaughter indicators and economic efficiency of rabbit production.
Proper nutrition is not only a biological but also a social, economic, and political issue. Insufficient intake of essential elements may result in the occurrence of hidden hunger and metabolic disorders. Some regions of the world are characterized by a lack of certain nutrients in the environment which leads to their lack in plant and animal products. The most common problem is a deficiency of iodine and selenium. To solve this problem, the government takes various measures, such as direct inclusion of necessary additives in food products, as well as the modernization of technological process of crop and livestock production. In this chapter, the authors analyze the provision of the population in various countries and regions with limiting nutrients. The study specifically aims at exploring the issues of production and trade in fortified (modified) food products that can directly fill in the lack of essential elements in particular territories.
The material presents the results of the analysis of the domestic market of feed additives for cows registered for use in Russia. It gives a brief overview of modern feed additives recorded in the state register following the international classification. Feed additives produced for cattle occupy an extensive segment among the entire range of registered feed additives - 54.3%. Among them, the zootechnical group occupies the largest part, it is 62.4%, followed by the technological group - 21.6%, then the nutritional group has 11.5%, and the group of flavouring (sensory) additives has 4.5%. Along with the use of synthetic feed additives, the authors emphasized the need to use additives of plant and natural origin in animal husbandry as a physiological source of biologically active substances closest to the animal organism, which allows obtaining environmentally friendly products of animal origin. They proposed a classification of feed additives according to the type of action on the body of cattle: affecting the functions of the central nervous system; affecting the processes of tissue metabolism; affecting mineral metabolism and the function of the musculoskeletal system; supporting functions of the immune system; affecting oxidation processes and energy metabolism; supporting functions of the digestive system; affecting lactation; affecting the detoxification process and contributing to the elimination of foreign and toxic substances from the body. The article systematizes the main indications for the use of FA: metabolic diseases - ketosis, hepatosis, myocardial dystrophy, alimentary dystrophy, osteodystrophy; immunodeficiencies; dysbiosis; intoxication.
Proper nutrition is not only a biological but also a social, economic, and political issue. Insufficient intake of essential elements may result in the occurrence of hidden hunger and metabolic disorders. Some regions of the world are characterized by a lack of certain nutrients in the environment which leads to their lack in plant and animal products. The most common problem is a deficiency of iodine and selenium. To solve this problem, the government takes various measures, such as direct inclusion of necessary additives in food products, as well as the modernization of technological process of crop and livestock production. In this chapter, the authors analyze the provision of the population in various countries and regions with limiting nutrients. The study specifically aims at exploring the issues of production and trade in fortified (modified) food products that can directly fill in the lack of essential elements in particular territories.
In the practice of feeding poultry enzyme drugs are widely used that contribute to the effective transformation of feed components into poultry products. Reducing the cost of compound feed for poultry due to the introduction of enzyme drugs is of great interest, both from a scientific and practical point of view. More than 2/3 of phosphorus in plant feeds is represented in the form of phytate and in this form the element is only partially absorbed in the poultry body. Accordingly to cover the need for phosphorus in plant diets include inorganic phosphates, animal feed and the enzyme phytase (breaks down phytate). This makes phosphorus the third most expensive feed component after energy and protein. The purpose of the researches was to study the effectiveness of using super dose commercial phytase in feeding of turkey poults. The results of research on the use of high doses of phytase in the diet of turkey poults of cross Hybrid Converter have been presented. It has been found that the use of compound feeds containing the super dose of phytase in the rearing of broiler turkey poults does not have a negative influence on the zootechnical indicators of poultry rearing, meat productivity, and increases the economic indicators of meat production. The results on base the experiment, economic indicators have been calculated. It has been found that the cost of 1 ton of compound feed consumed in the experimental group was less than in the control group by 166,28 rubles or 0,7 %. The use of high doses of phytase in the diet of turkey poults of the experimental group allowed to reduce the cost of growth of 1 kg of live weight by 4,7 % and increase the profitability of meat production.
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