Two investigations examine the effect of similarity of sexual attitudes on (a) attraction to a stranger and (b) marital sexual satisfaction. In an experiment using undergraduates, manipulation of subject‐stranger similarity in general affective orientation to sexuality affected attraction and other evaluative dependent variables. In the second investigation, married couples revealed sexual attitudes and sexual satisfaction. Husbands and wives were similar (r= 0.58, p < 0.001) in their affective orientations to sexuality. Discrepancy between the partners’ scores predicted sexual dissatisfaction in both partners. In addition, the wife's affective orientation to sexuality predicted more indices of sexual satisfaction and adjustment in both the wife and the husband than did the husband's affective orientation to sexuality. Finally, spouses with a positive affective orientation to sexuality were more accurate when judging their partner's sexual enjoyment, compared to spouses with a negative orientation. The findings have implications for the effects of similarity of attitudes on interpersonal attraction and on relationship quality.

Although gender‐specific constructs of hypertraditionality qualitatively differ (e.g., hyperfemininity and hypermasculinity), we view them as analogous constructs that can predict similarity/attraction effects. The similaritylattraction paradigm showed that individuals find attractive the traits in others that are similar to their own traits. We suggest that this effect applies to levels of hypertraditionality, as measured by the hyperfemininity and hypermasculinity personality scales. The studies were conducted to test this hypothesis. We began by manipulating stranger similarity in an attraction experiment. Results showed that similarity of hypertraditionality led to attraction. Women preferred target persons similar to themselves in hypertraditionality. Data from men revealed an unexpected interaction. Low hypermasculine men preferred women similar to themselves in hypertraditionality, yet high hypermasculine men did not distinguish between female strangers based on the stranger's level of hypertraditionality. We then studied dating couples. These couples provided real‐world data that supported and expanded the laboratory observations. We found a significant positive correlation between the partners' levels of hypertraditionality. The implications of attraction based on hypertraditionality may provide insights for future studies of relationship formation and maintenance.

The Met Office in the UK has developed a completely new probabilistic post-processing system called IMPROVER to operate on outputs from its operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) forecasts and precipitation nowcasts. The aim is to improve weather forecast information to the public and other stakeholders whilst better exploiting the current and future generations of underpinning kilometer-scale NWP ensembles. We wish to provide seamless forecasts from nowcasting to medium range, provide consistency between gridded and site-specific forecasts and be able to verify every stage of the processing. The software is written in a modern modular framework that is easy to maintain, develop and share. IMPROVER allows forecast information to be provided with greater spatial and temporal detail and a faster update frequency than previous post-processing. Independent probabilistic processing chains are constructed for each meteorological variable consisting of a series of processing stages that operate on pre-defined grids and blend outputs from several NWP inputs to give a frequently updated, probabilistic forecast solution. Probabilistic information is produced as standard, with the option of extracting a most likely or yes/no outcome if required. Verification can be performed at all stages, although it is only currently switched on for the most significant stages when run in real time. IMPROVER has been producing real-time output since March 2021 and became operational in Spring 2022.

No abstract

Given the amount of discussion and debate surrounding issues relating to sexism, it is clear that individuals disagree over what particular aspects of life are approprialely labelled sexist. The present study was designed to assess the nature of disagreement among individuals about what constitutes sexism and to show that such disagreement can be detrimentalto the success of therapy. Sexism perceived in a series of hypothetical scenarios correlated positively with sexism experienced in one's own life. This suggests that individuals differ in the extent to which they perceive sexism in identical incidents. Men scored significantly lower than did women in the amount of sexism perceived in the scenarios. This difference should be detrimental to malelfemale interactions since women made sexist attributions about men's behaviors which, to men, were innocuous. The data are also indicative of the lack of awareness among men of sexism, as compared to women. Therapists will benefit by being sensitive to such perceptual biases in themselves and in their clients.Although much research in recent years has investigated the presence of sexism in U.S. society (e.g., Cash & Kilcullen, 1985;Eleanor R. Smith recently received her PhD in sociaVpersonality psychology from the State University of New York at Albany. Currently she is an instructor at the University of Texas at Dallas. Her research interests include sex roles, sexism, and int~penonal attractionThe author would like to hank Donn Byrne for his comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.