Introduction The leading method for treating patients with injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament is its reconstruction. Although this operation is a common procedure, the issues of rehabilitation have not been fully studied. The aim of study Collection and analysis of available published studies on current methods of rehabilitation treatment after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Materials and methods We analyzed the publications that were devoted to current methods of rehabilitation treatment of patients after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The materials were searched for in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction”, “anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation”. Inclusion criteria were compliance with the general topic, relevance, introduction of new rehabilitation treatments. Studies published earlier than the last 10 years were excluded. Results The analysis found that the main rehabilitation treatments used in patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament are of protective character (wearing a functional orthosis or other immobilizing appliance, dosed walking with crutches) and physical activity (complex of exercises, swimming). The most effective way to prevent contractures is early activation of the limb and the maintenance of muscle tone. In turn, the main task of immobilization is prevention or relief of pain. Our study proposes the authors’ methods of rehabilitation which can be used for restorative treatment and accelerate the process of ligament repair. The work includes rehabilitation procedures performed at home after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament under the supervision of a rehabilitation instructor. Discussion Rehabilitation of patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is a necessary complement to surgical treatment. Fast recovery of patients and a full return to an active lifestyle depend on a proper rehabilitation program.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a social problem due to high disability, reaching 90% among the population. A detailed disclosure of the social significance of nosology shows that in the first 5 years of the disease, about half of the patients get a disability, in the first 10 years 2/3 of the patients. The destruction of large joints is the result of a long course of the disease. Many studies say that after 10 years from the onset of the disease, a third of patients need arthroplasty of the large joints of the lower extremities. Polyarthritic joint damage leads to the difficulty of carrying out restorative treatment. The article the main methods of rehabilitation of patients after arthroplasty of the joints of the lower extremities, assessed the effectiveness of each method in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of large joints, and proposed their own version of therapeutic physical activity in water. The advantage of this method is to reduce pressure on other joints and to concentrate force on the operated limb. In addition, some authors talk about the analgesic effect of thermotherapy, ultrasound therapy and balneotherapy. Thus, the postoperative treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is an important part of the overall treatment and enhances the effectiveness of surgical correction. The most important and accessible physiotherapy procedures are kinesiotherapy and aqua gymnastics. According to the results of the article, other methods only complement the main therapeutic effect.
Fractures of the proximal femur (РF) are a common type of injury to the lower extremities. Most patients after conservative or surgical treatment are faced with the occurrence of pain and limited mobility in the area of the injured joint. The proposed rehabilitation option allows not only to relieve pain, develop motor skills and vestibular apparatus, but also contributes to the psychological support of the patient Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using the inventive device for pair balancing for patients with injuries of the PF. Material and methods. The study involved 72 patients. The main study group consisted of 35 patients whose rehabilitation included therapeutic gymnastics on a pair balancing device. 37 patients were in the comparison group and received a standard type of therapeutic gymnastics. Classes on the device were held from 3 to 5 weeks. The control of comparative results in the groups was carried out 1 month after the operation. As evaluation criteria, the authors focused on the severity of pain on a visual-analog scale and the angle of the hip joint on the affected limb. Results. Two patients (5.7%) from the main group had mild pain, three patients (8.6%) had contractures of biomechanical origin. In the comparison group, seven patients (18.9%) had pain, and ten patients (27.02%) had contractures. More often contractures were neurogenic and myogenic. patients spared the affected limb and were afraid to give it a full load. This phobia was present in more than half of the patients in the comparison group while in the main group there were no similar phenomena. Conclusion. This device has a complex effect in the rehabilitation of the patient after lower extremities injures. the device restores motor function and also acts verbally and prevents the development of psychosomatic complications.
Abstract. Introduction There are several options of fixation and plasty for tibial defects. Screw and cement augmentation of the tibia is an alternative to conventional bone autograft and allograft. Although use of metal and cement augments provides reliable support for the tibial plateau and facilitates early weight-bearing on the operated limb the technique fails to maintain enough bone stock for future revisions. The purpose was to present an option of cement and metal augmentation of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Material and methods The technique consists of cement and screw augmentation using three screws placed vertically as a regular triangle and being perpendicular to the tibial plateau. We describe the technique and a clinical instance of type 2A defect of the proximal tibia using the author's method. Outcome measures were goniometry and radiography. Results Goniometry examination showed positive dynamics in the first week after surgery with flexion of 110.0 degrees, extension 175.0 degrees; at 12 months with flexion of 90.0 degrees and extension of 180.0 degrees. Radiographic examination demonstrated no instability and micromobility of the cement mantle. Discussion The author's technique of screw and cement augmentation of the tibial component was practical for type 2A defects of the proximal tibia with a shortage of materials of bone autografts. This is a pilot study that requires further investigations.
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