<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">Introdução: armazenar medicamentos nos domicílios é prática comum da população brasileira, podendo representar um potencial <span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">risco para o surgimento de agravos à saúde. Além disso, esses medicamentos são armazenados, freqüentemente, em ambientes </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">inadequados, propiciando diversas possibilidades de consumo irracional. Objetivo: avaliar os medicamentos estocados nos domicílios </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">em uma cidade do Paraná. Metodologia: foram visitados 31 domicílios e aos seus responsáveis foi aplicado um questionário </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">padrão semiestruturado. Resultados: foram encontrados 159 medicamentos sendo destes, 33% de anti-inflamatórios, sendo a via </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">de administração mais citada a oral (74%). Os locais de armazenamento mais frequentemente encontrados foram cozinhas (48%) </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">seguido dos dormitórios (33%). É válido lembrar que 32,35% dos medicamentos estavam em locais expostos à umidade, 23,52% </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">acesso à crianças, 20,58% à luz e insetos, 14,70% ao calor e 8,82% à radiação. Conclusão: assim, foi possível observar que a farmácia </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">caseira está presente na maioria das residências visitadas. E, levando-se em consideração que o profissional do medicamento é o </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">farmacêutico, pode-se constatar a importância de uma maior atuação deste junto à população. Pois, como mostra claramente este </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">trabalho, a população estudada armazena e utiliza muitos medicamentos e, portanto necessita de orientações, sobre seus usos, </span><span style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">formas de armazenamento entre outras atribuições.</span></p>
Previous work by our group described that human β-defensin-2 induces accumulation of extracellular adenosine (Ado) in E. coli cultures through a non-lytic mechanism causing severe plasmolysis. Here, we investigate the presence of AMP as a direct precursor and the involvement of a bacterial enzyme in the generation of extracellular Ado by treated bacteria. Following hBD-2 treatment, metabolites were quantified in the supernatants using targeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Microbial growth was monitored by optical density and cell viability was determined by colony forming units counts. Phosphatase activity was measured using chromogenic substrate pNPP. The results demonstrate that defensin-treated E. coli strain W releases AMP in the extracellular space, where it is converted to Ado by a bacterial soluble factor. An increase in phosphatase activity in the supernatant was observed after peptide treatment, similar to the effect of sucrose-induced osmotic stress, suggesting that the periplasmic 5'nucleotidase (5'-NT) is released following the plasmolysis event triggered by the peptide. Ado accumulation was enhanced in the presence of Co2+ ion and inhibited by EDTA, further supporting the involvement of a metallo-phosphatase such as 5’-NT in extracellular AMP conversion into Ado. The comparative analysis of hBD-induced Ado accumulation in different E. coli strains and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed that the response is not correlated to the peptide's effect on cell viability, but indicates it might be dependent on the subcellular distribution of the nucleotidase. Taken together, these data shed light on a yet undescribed mechanism of host-microbial interaction: a human antimicrobial peptide inducing selective release of a bacterial enzyme (E. coli 5'-NT), leading to the formation of a potent immunomodulator metabolite (Ado).
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