Many ED presentations by palliative care patients may be avoidable. Appropriate sharing of information to on-call doctors, creating confidence in carers and providing extra practical supports is necessary. A comprehensive, coordinated specialist palliative care approach across community and acute services may help ensure patients are not sent to the ED inappropriately.

Patients with R1 resection and node positive disease receiving AT after definitive surgery seem to derive OS advantage. Large prospective trials are needed to confirm these data.

The addition of methadone was associated with improved pain control for patients with moderate to severe pain on another opioid and appears to offer a safe, well-tolerated and practical alternative in this situation.