The findings suggest that valproate (VPA), like lamotrigine (LTG), has substantially and significantly lower serum levels while women take active combined oral contraceptives as compared to inactive pills. Larger sample sizes will be required to determine whether LTG levels may drop significantly also during the luteal (high steroid) phase of natural menstrual cycles and whether VPA levels may show greater stability in levels across the phases of the menstrual cycle.

Most LNG-IUS users in this sample were satisfied with the device. The only two factors associated with satisfaction were amenorrhea and duration of use, while prolonged bleeding and spotting were the main causes of dissatisfaction. These findings could be useful for health-care professionals and policy-makers when developing information material for women. The study provides insight into the profile of satisfied LNG-IUS users; however, this information is not suitable for counseling women who are considering using an LNG-IUS.

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados do programa de oxigenoterapia domiciliar, com uso de concentrador de oxigênio, utilizado por crianças egressas de uma unidade neonatal ao longo de seus primeiros dez anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com componente analítico para avaliar o programa de oxigenoterapia domiciliar de uma unidade neonatal de um hospital público universitário do interior do Estado de São Paulo durante o período de novembro de 1996 a dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 160 crianças com indicação de oxigenoterapia domiciliar, das quais 63,3% apresentavam displasia broncopulmonar. Em média, 3,0% de todos os pacientes internados e 8,6% dos recém-nascidos com peso inferior a 1500g ao nascer receberam alta em oxigenoterapia. A duração média do uso de O2 no domicílio foi de 42,3±54,0 dias. Na comparação das características demográficas da população e do tempo de uso de O2 domiciliar, não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os anos. Não houve correlação entre o tempo de ventilação mecânica e a duração da terapia domiciliar. Houve necessidade de cuidados especiais, além do uso de O2 e medicações, em 22,3% dos casos. Nos primeiros dois anos de vida, a taxa de morbidade e de mortalidade foram, respectivamente, 40,1 e 14,1%. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de oxigênio domiciliar, com sistema de concentrador de oxigênio, é uma alternativa terapêutica factível em nosso meio, merecendo mais atenção dos profissionais de saúde e maior investimento das instituições de saúde. São necessários mais estudos nacionais para se aprimorar a qualidade do atendimento e a segurança destes programas para a população neonatal.

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Objective To determine knowledge, attitude, and preventive (KAP) practices towards the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic among women in reproductive age seeking to use copper or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUD/LNG-IUS). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we applied a questionnaire on 400 women about KAP practices on COVID-19 at the University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, from May to August 2020. Results The mean (±SD) age of the women was 30.8 ± 7.9 years, and 72.8% of them reported being pregnant at least once. Most women (95%) had heard or read about COVID-19, and their main sources of information were television (91%) and government websites (53%). However, 53% of the women had doubts about the veracity of the information accessed. Conclusion Women without a partner and with > 12 years of schooling had more information about COVID-19 and on its impact on new pregnancy, and those from high socioeconomic status had a higher chance of maintaining physical distance. Safety, effectiveness, comfort, and absence of hormone in the contraceptive method (in the case of TCu380A IUD) were the main reasons for the participants to seek the service during the pandemic, and the possibility to stop menstrual bleeding was the main reason to choose the LNG-IUS.

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Objectives To assess the occurrence of pregnancy in a cohort of women who received a copper intrauterine device (IUD), hormonal IUDs or an etonogestrel (ENG) contraceptive implant at a single‐visit practice. Methods Prospective study conducted at the University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. We obtained data from four ongoing studies including both the date of the device placement, the first day of the last menstrual period, and the occurrence of pregnancy up to 3 months after device placement. Results We included 2479 device placements (413 TCu380A IUDs, 1476 hormonal IUD and 590 ENG implants). Almost half of the device placements (1113/2479; 44.9%) were performed within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle. We observed three pregnancies: one in an ENG implant user who received the implant within days 1–5 of the menstrual cycle; one in a woman who received a hormonal IUD during days 6–10 of the menstrual cycle; and one in a copper IUD user with placement during days 21–25 of menstrual cycle. Conclusions Single‐visit long‐acting reversible contraception placements are a good strategy with overall very low pregnancy rates. This strategy has a potential to reduce unintended pregnancies and to reduce costs and barriers to both women and the healthcare system.

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