Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that affects several populations worldwide with the clinical manifestations in skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs and there are not any effective and available vaccines and conventional treatments are highly toxic. Quercetin is a kind of flavonoid with different biological effects including free radical scavenging and anti-microbial activity and this study is aimed to assess the anti-leishmania and anti-malarial effects of quercetin loaded phytosome and quercetin alone. In this experimental study, the in vitro activity of above drugs were measured using microscopically examinations and for evaluation the anti-leishmanial efficacy, the size of lesions were measured. Moreover the cytotoxicity of the treatments was evaluated on WI38 and J774 cell lines. Our results indicated that quercetin loaded phytosome and quercetin alone have acceptable anti-parasitic activity mostly at concentration of 400 µg/ml on both P. falciparium and L. major . The results of cytotoxicity revealed that the mentioned drugs have no effects on human cell lines and also have no hemolytic activity. The drug of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis, in addition to killing the parasite, should not have a toxic effect on human cells and our results indicated that quercetin can be a valuable candidate for treatment of different kinds of leishmaniasis.
Background: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) gene encodes an MT enzyme involving in de novo methylation of DNA. The present investigation aimed to explore the association of DNMT3B-579G>T (rs1569686) polymorphism with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: 130 Iranian patients with MS and 130 controls were genotyped for the DNMT3B-579G>T using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: There was no statistically significant association between DNMT3B-579G>T and susceptibility to MS. The alleles and genotypes of DNMT3B-579G>T did not have different risks of MS development under various models [T vs. G (P = 0.86); GTvs. GG (P = 0.48); TT vs. GG (P > 0.99); GT+TT vs. GG (P = 0.60), and TT vs. GG+GT (P = 0.87)]. Also, there was no statistically significant association between genotypes and clinical and demographic characteristics of patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The current findings suggest that DNMT3B-579G>T is probably not a crucial potential risk marker in molecular diagnostics of MS among Iranian. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetic association study about the DNMT3B polymorphisms and MS. Therefore, further surveys should be included to estimate the exact relevance of DNMT3B gene to the development of autoimmune disorders like MS.
Aims Because cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, finding a better way to treat it seems essential. Doxorubicin is one of the most common drugs in the treatment of cancer, which has many negative and toxic effects. Therefore, efforts to produce effective anticancer drugs through screening natural compounds, such as animal toxins continue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Naja naja oxiana snake venom in comparison with doxorubicin on the proliferation rate and concentration of malondialdehyde in the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and fibroblast cells (HFF). Methods & Materials HeLa and normal fibroblast cancer cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of snake venom and doxorubicin for 24 and 48 hours. The amplification rate was determined using trypan blue staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. Findings The results showed that with increasing concentration and treatment time with snake venom and doxorubicin, the cell proliferation rate decreases, and MDA content increases. The highest decrease in proliferation rate and increase in MDA concentration were observed in the HeLa cancer cell line treated with 500 µg/mL of snake venom for 48 hours. Conclusion In comparison with doxorubicin, snake venom has a significant inhibitory effect on the HeLa cancer cell line with minimal effect on normal fibroblast cells.
Background and Aims: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult human leukemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Research has shown that in CLL, microRNAs can have function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Some studies demonstrated that the expression of microRNA-93 (miR-93) and microRNA-330 (miR-330) have been changed in several cancers, including lung, prostate, and colon cancer. We aimed to elucidate the changes in miR-93 and miR-330 expression in CLL patients in comparison with controls. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the expression levels of miR-93 and miR-330 was evaluated in 30 CLL patients who had referred to Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and 30 controls in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: The expression of miR-93 and miR-330 were found to significantly increase in CLL patients compared with controls (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The findings indicated that miR-93 and miR-330 are probably the novel potential biomarker for early diagnosis of CLL, at least in Iranian patients. However, for a decisive result, further investigations are warranted
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