Objectives and background People with diabetes (PWD) are one of the high-risk groups for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, increasing the disease mortality. This study was aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in diabetic versus non-diabetic individuals. Methods In this retrospective observational study, the epidemiological characteristics of the two groups of diabetic ( n =1365) and non-diabetic ( n =15,026) subjects with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 in the southwestern region of Iran were compared. All clinical signs and comorbidities of the patients were evaluated. Chi-square test was used to examine the differences in qualitative variables between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Results Of 16,391 enrolled subjects, 8.3% had diabetes, and 28.3% of COVID-19-related deaths occurred in diabetics. Also, the mortality rate among diabetics was reported as 14.3%. The average age of diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients was 59 and 37 years, respectively. The odds of fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache, and underlying diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, immune deficiency, and hyperlipidemia, were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics. Conclusion Diabetes is associated with increased mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 and is considered as a major risk factor for COVID-19 infection, posing a major public health challenge for health policymakers in managing and controlling the disease. Therefore, development of prevention and treatment strategies aimed at reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients is of significant importance.
Background: Self-immolation is a leading public health challenge with a relatively high mortality, especially in some low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate epidemiological factors of attempts and completed suicide by self-immolation during 2011–2019 in Fars province (Iran). Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 506 cases of attempted self-immolation suicide during 2011–2019 in Fars province (Iran). Demographic characteristics and suicide information were collected from the Fars Suicide Surveillance System. The first fatality rate and age-standardized mortality rates were calculated. Then, chi-square tests were performed to evaluate suicide trends and examine differences between qualitative variables and outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self-immolation death. Result: The mean age of study participants was 32.11 ± 14.04 years. The highest age-standardized rates of attempt and completed self-immolation suicide were seen in the age group 25–34 years. The fatality rate of suicide by self-immolation was 61.89%, and the risk of death was around three times higher in people with a history of suicide attempts compared to those who had no history of suicide attempts. However, a family history of suicide attempts was shown to be a protective factor against completed self-immolation suicide. Conclusion: The rate of self-immolation is higher in women and young adults. The results of our study can assist health policy-makers to design comprehensive plans and determine the necessary strategies aimed at identifying vulnerable people, then preventing self-immolation suicide.
Backgrounds. Individuals with hypertension are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and related mortality. This study was carried out to assess the epidemiological features and predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 with hypertension. Methods. In this retrospective study, the epidemiological characteristics of two groups of patients with COVID-19 with hypertension (1927) and without hypertension (39030) were compared. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the differences between qualitative variables in two study groups. Logistic regression was also used to determine predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 and in patients with COVID-19 with hypertension. Results. The prevalence of hypertension in patients with COVID-19 was 4.7%, and 24.37% of COVID-19 related deaths occurred in these individuals. The average age of hypertension and nonhypertension patients was 61 and 37 years, respectively. Fever, cough, headache, anorexia, fatigue, and comorbid diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic lung and kidney disease, diabetes, immunodeficiency disease, and thyroid disease, were significantly more frequent in people with hypertension than those without hypertension. The chances of mortality in patient with COVID-19 were 1.8 times higher in individuals with dyspnea, 1.25 in individuals with fever, 1.33 in individuals with cough, 3.6 in patients with hypertension, 2.21 in diabetics, and 2.2 in individuals with cardiovascular disease. Also, individuals with COVID-19 with hypertension that had dyspnea, immunodeficiency, and cardiovascular disease were at higher risk of mortality. Conclusion. Hypertension is a serious threat to patients with COVID-19. Therefore, in order to control these patients more precisely and reduce mortality in them, it is extremely important to develop prevention and treatment strategies.
El estudio explora las características epidemiológicas y la incidencia de brucelosis en el condado de Kohgiluyeh en el 2015. El estudio es transversal y analiza 222 individuos con brucelosis (115 hombres y 107 mujeres). Las variables edad, sexo, estación de incidencia, año de incidencia, trabajo, lugar de residencia, historial de consumo de productos lácteos sin pasteurizar, historial de contacto con el ganado en el último año, la aflicción de otros miembros de la familia en los últimos 18 meses y los efectos de la enfermedad se exploraron. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el software SPSS versión 21 y t, prueba de ϰ ^ 2. Con la alta tasa de incidencia de brucelosis en la provincia, existe la necesidad de medidas preventivas, especialmente la educación estandarizada en estos grupos.
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