Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of one night's sleep deprivation on anaerobic performance and Reaction time of subjects in the morning of the following day.Methods: Eighteen male college student athletes were studied twice in a balanced, randomized design. Subjects were measured for peak power, mean power and Reaction time. Results:The performance showed no significant difference in both tests of anaerobic power (peak power, mean power) over the sleep deprivation period (P= 0.3; P= 0.4 respectively), but reaction time differed significantly from baseline (P=0.003). Results support the hypothesis that sleep serves a function of cognitive restitution, particularly in the maintenance of attentional mechanisms. In the light of the above considerations. Conclusions:It was concluded that short-term sleep deprivation is not effective on anaerobic performance, but adversely affects cognitive function such as Reaction Time.

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Background & objectives: Aerobic exercise is recommended to autistic children suffering from sensory and motor disorders. The present study was aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on motor skills and body composition of autistic children in Tabriz city. Methods: In this study, 40 out of 83 autistic patients diagnosed by a psychiatrist were randomly selected and assigned to experiment and control groups. The evaluation tools included the Brininx-Oresetsky Expedition Test and the Physical Fitness Machine and Intervention Tool for Aerobic Exercise. The experiment group received 12 sessions of 90 minutes of aerobic exercise, while no exercise was provided for the control group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 by descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and inferential test for multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The results of the analyzed data showed a significant difference in the post-test scores between the experiment and control groups (p<0.01). Aerobic exercise improved the level of fine and elegant motor skills, and body composition as well as their components in children with autism. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, aerobic exercise can be used as a useful and non-pharmacological action to improve the motor skills and the physical composition of children with autism.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of attention (external focus) and internal motivation (autonomy support and enhanced expectancies) on learning the skill of throwing darts. Methods: For this purpose, 60 women participated in the study. our study included 4 groups: a) autonomy support-external focus (AS-EF); b) enhanced expectancies-external focus (EE-EF); C) enhanced expectancies-autonomy support (EE-AS); and d) enhanced expectancies-autonomy support-external focus (EE-AS-EF). Participants were asked to throw darts at a target with their non-dominant arm. In the EE conditions, they received (false) positive social-comparative feedback. In the AS conditions, they were allowed to throw 5 of 10 trials in each block with their dominant arm chosen by them. In the EF conditions, participants were asked to focus on the target. on the post-test after the end of the training period and retention and transfer test 24 hours after practice, the AS-EE-EF group had the highest accuracy scores and outperformed all other groups. Results: The results of the between-group comparison for throwing accuracy showed that the EE-AS-EF group was a significant difference compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and an external focus can contribute in an additive style to optimize motor performance and learning .