This study presents the results of five reinforced concrete (RC) pile specimens that were created and horizontally loaded. The RC piles were reinforced by composite materials such as geogrid, geogrid with a core of steel rod, and geogrid with a core of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) or carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) rod. This research is expected to investigate the behavior of using composite materials in pile reinforcement and check their efficiency in carrying horizontal loads. The horizontal pile loading test was applied to four pile specimens and a reference pile specimen reinforced by steel rods. All specimens have the same dimensions (150 mm in diameter and 1050 mm in height). A comparison has been carried out between the experimental results for all specimens and the reference specimen. The experimental results illustrated that the specimens carried a lower ultimate horizontal load by 44%–87% compared to the reference specimen. Also, a non-linear finite element analysis has been verified by Abaqus software and achieved a great degree of reconciliation compared to the experimental results. Finally, a comparison of the reinforcement costs for the specimens revealed that utilizing these composite piles could reduce the cost up to 15.2%.
The settlement is the most serious problem of fine soil. This settlement is caused by a phenomenon called soil consolidation. Most previous studies were concerned with studying one (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) consolidation. That in some cases does not give a simulation of reality representation. It was necessary to study the three-dimensional (3-D) consolidation to simulate what happens to the fine soil in nature. Therefore, the consolidation behavior of four fine soils was studied in this paper. The studied soil samples were collected at the foundation levels of four different sites in El-Qalubia governorate, Egypt. A series of laboratory consolidation tests were carried out as one, two and three dimensional consolidation by using manufactured Oedometer apparatus. So, the effect of consolidation conditions (1-D, 2-D and 3-D) on consolidation coefficient (Cv) and volume change coefficient (mv) was investigated. Also, an empirical equation was correlated the relationship between Cv and mv.
The settlement is the most serious problem of fine soil. This settlement is caused by a phenomenon called soil consolidation. Most previous studies were concerned with studying one (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) consolidation. That in some cases does not give a simulation of reality representation. It was necessary to study the three-dimensional (3-D) consolidation to simulate what happens to the fine soil in nature. Therefore, the consolidation behavior of four fine soils was studied in this paper. The studied soil samples were collected at the foundation levels of four different sites in El-Qalubia governorate, Egypt. A series of laboratory consolidation tests were carried out as one, two and three dimensional consolidation by using manufactured Oedometer apparatus. So, the effect of consolidation conditions (1-D, 2-D and 3-D) on consolidation coefficient (Cv) and volume change coefficient (mv) was investigated. Also, an empirical equation was correlated the relationship between Cv and mv.
This study investigates the influence of biaxial geogrids on the flexural behavior of square footing foundations reinforced with glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). Experimental research is conducted, involving the testing of five reinforced concrete square footings under area loading until failure. The variables considered are the number of geogrid layers and the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement. Various parameters including deflection, loads at each stage, stiffness, ductility, energy absorption, crack patterns, as well as strains in steel, concrete, and geogrid, are analyzed and compared. The results reveal that incorporating geogrid layers as a reinforcement technique with GFRC significantly enhances the flexural behavior of the footings and improves cracking patterns. The number of geogrid layers used in the footings substantially increases the loads at each stage. Furthermore, an empirical equation is developed to establish a correlation between the moment acting on the footings and the tensile strength of geogrid reinforcement. The empirical evidence demonstrates a substantial improvement in the strength resistance of geogrid-reinforced footings with GFRC, surpassing those reinforced with steel and normal concrete mix. This research contributes valuable insights for the design and construction of earth structures, highlighting the advantages of biaxial geogrids in reinforcing GFRC footings with enhanced flexural performance.
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