BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESLimited data are available on the prevalence of congenital anomalies based on a community survey in Middle East countries. The prevalence of congenital anomalies is expected to be high in these countries because of the high consanguinity rate and high maternal age. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Saudi Arab children.DESIGN AND SETTINGSThis is a prospective, cross-sectional, community-based study conducted over 2 years among the Saudi population.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe study sample was determined by a multi-stage probability random sampling of household representatives of the Saudi Arab population. The health status of children was obtained during household visits by primary care physicians who performed a history and physical examination of all children and adolescents younger than 19 years. All cases of congenital anomalies were recorded.RESULTSDuring the 2-year study period (2004–2005), a total of 45 682 children were screened. The commonest congenital anomalies found in this survey were Down syndrome, congenital deafness, and congenital blindness with prevalence rates of 6.6 per 10 000, 4.8 per 10 000, and 1.3 per 10 000 children, respectively. The prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was 0.9 per 10 000 children, achondroplasia was 0.7 per 10 000, and Dandy-Walker syndrome was 0.4 per 10 000. Crouzon syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Turner syndrome had equal prevalence of 0.2 per 10 000 children.CONCLUSIONThe data suggest a significant decline in the prevalence of Down syndrome; however, the prevalence of other anomalies like congenital deafness is still high.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESRickets is commonly seen as a sign of malabsorption like celiac disease if it is not treated appropriately with vitamin D and calcium supplements. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of diagnosis of celiac disease among children with unexplained rickets in Saudi children at a tertiary hospital setting.DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective review of records of patients referred over 10 years to a pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology unit.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included all patients referred for evaluation of unexplained rickets and osteomalacia and screened for celiac disease. The diagnosis of rickets was made on the basis of history, physical examination, biochemical and radiological investigations. The diagnosis of celiac disease was made based on the ESPGHAN (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition) criteria.RESULTSTwenty-six children with a mean (SD) age of 9.5 (4.6) years (5 males, range 1–15 years) were referred for evaluation of unexplained rickets and were screened for celiac disease. The diagnosis of celiac disease based on small bowel biopsy findings was confirmed in 10 (38.4%) patients with rickets. Serological markers for celiac disease including antiendomyseal antibodies and antitissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive in all ten children.CONCLUSIONRickets is not an uncommon presentation of celiac disease in Saudi children and pediatricians should consider celiac disease as an underlying cause for rickets.
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