: The Preformed Particle gels (PPGs) has been widely used and injected in low permeability rich oil zones as di-verting agent to solve the conformance issues, distract displacing fluid into out of sorts swept zones and reduce the perme-ability of thief zones and high permeability fractured zones. However, the PPG propagation and plugging mechanism is still remain unpredictable and sporadic in manifold void space passages. PPGs have two main abilities, first, it increases the sweep efficiency and second, it decreases the water production in mature oilfields. But the success or failure of PPG treatment largely depends on whether it efficiently decreases the permeability of the fluid paths to an expected target or not. In this study, the different factors were studied that affecting the performance of PPG in such reservoirs. PPGs were treated in different ways; treated with brine, low salinity, and high salinity brine and then their impacts were investigated in low/high permeability and fractured reservoirs and void space conduit models as well. From the literature, it was revealed that the sweep efficiency can be improved through PPG but not displacement efficiency and little impact of PPG were found on displacement efficiency. Similarly, on the other hand, Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) can increase the displacement efficiency but not sweep efficiency. Hence, based on above issues, few new techniques and directions were introduced in this work for better treatment of PPG to decrease water cut and increase oil recovery.

The antibacterial activity of bisacodyl and its deacetylated metabolite, DDPM was investigated against Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 9144), Micrococcus luteus (LB14110), Salmonella enterica (NCTC 6017) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 12.5 to 25 µg/mL, 6.25 to 12.5 µg/mL and 25 to 50 µg/mL respectively. The results of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative foodborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), show MIC values between 12.5-25 μg/mL and 25-50 μg/mL. The antifungal activity was also evaluated against the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 2091) with MIC ranging from 12.5 to 25 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anticancer activity was evaluated against epithelial cervical cancer cell line (ATCC, Manassas,VA, USA). The results obtained indicated that bisacodyl and its deacetylated metabolite, DDPM have a cytotoxic activity at 63.69 µg/mL and 16.7 µg/mL respectively.