INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a disease with heterogeneous nature that may have different prognosis and respond to therapy differently despite similarities in histological type, grade and stage. It is common among women in both developed and developing countries of the world.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a 2-year retrospective study involving a systematic analysis of all the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks previously diagnosed as breast cancers. The study occurred at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. We retrieved all the archived tissue blocks and subjected them to further ancillary testing using the immunohistochemistry monoclonal antibodies: (Oestrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR) and Her-2 neu antibodies). RESULTS: Out of 417 cases of breast cancer analysed, four hundred and Ten (410) were females representing 98.3%, seven (7) were males representing 1.7%. The mean age of all subjects in this study was 45.1±10.2 SD (years). The age of patients ranged from20 to 70 years. The age group 31 to 40 years showed the highest number of cases, 133 (32.4%). The cases positive for ER were 157 (37.6%), while 260 (62.4%) were negative. The cases positive for PR were 144 (34.5%) and 273 (65.5%) were negative. Fifty-four cases (12.9%) were HER2-neu positive, 15 (3.6%) were equivocal and could not be further analysed due to lack of the facility to do Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation, and 348 (83.5%) were HER-neu negative. Phenotypic classification based on ER, PR, and Her2 immunohistochemistry showed 113 cases (27.1%) were Luminal A, 45 cases (10.8%) were Luminal B, 23 cases (5.5%) were Her2 Enriched, 236 cases (56.6%) were Basal-like/Triple-negative, and none (0%) was Normal-like. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study shows that Basal-like/Triple-negative breast cancers are most common and are seen more in premenopausal women in Enugu.

BACKGROUND: Sexual assault (SA) is an umbrella terminology which encompasses a wide range of sexual offenses extending to actual or attempted unlawful sexual penetration also called rape. It is a common phenomenon which occurs worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of different types of sexual assault and to describe the methods of penetration used (e.g., incapacitation, physical force, verbal coercion). METHOD: This study was carried out at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki and it was a one year retrospective study in which cases of rape were reviewed. The work analyzed 31 cases of rape in Accident and Emergency Department of the Hospital over a one year period from January 2017 to December 2017. RESULT: The mean age (in years)of all subjects in this study was 32.09±17.9 SD. The age range was 0–59 years. The groups of highest number of cases (12, 38.7%; 11, 35.5%) were at the age groups 10-19 years and 0-9 years, respectively. In addition, there was no case of rape involving any male victim in this study. Moreover, no case involving females aged 60 years and above was seen. Children were found to be sexually abused more than the adults. The differences between age distributions of cases according to sex in this study were statistically significant with the P-value of 0.001. Neighbors were discovered to be the highest perpetrators of sexual assault accounting for the highest number of cases 8 (25.8%). In most cases 20 (64.5%), the victims were raped by single assailant and the majority of them in this category were children. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of sexual assault in this study appears to be low, it confirms the existence of the phenomenon in Abakaliki, Nigeria, and a major cause for concern is the fact that those affected were predominantly young children. To curb this heinous act, parents must be vigilant and closely monitor their children, while the government should enact stringent laws and be ready to wield the big stick in situations of need.