Recently, global attraction has shifted toward heavy unconventional crude oil due to the depletion of light oil resources. Generally, heavy crude oils are highly viscous in nature; due to this, their production and transportation are challenging. Asphaltenes and resins content directly affects the viscosity of crude oil. Many viscosity reducing agents affecting asphaltenes dispersion have been developed in the recent past. The current work proposes a novel environmentally friendly chitosan-based cationic surfactant (CBCS), which can interact with polar and nonpolar constituents of crude oil matrix, thereby reducing its viscosity. The CBCS was synthesized by a two-step process. First, chitosan was modified to ortho-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC). In the second step, CBCS was prepared by the reaction between O-CMC and an intermediate, which was obtained by the reaction between 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde and bromodecane. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetry (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of synthesized surfactant on the viscosity of the sample crude oil was estimated by rheological studies at different temperatures (20, 30, 50, and 70 °C). The results indicated that the viscosity of crude oil had been effectively improved as the concentration of surfactant increased from 0 to 600 ppm. The highest percent degree of viscosity reduction (DVR) was measured at 20 °C in comparison to 70 °C. The main cause of viscosity reduction, asphaltenes dispersion, was investigated by UV−vis spectroscopy analysis and viscosity measurements.

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A novel multifunctional amide additive N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-dodecenylsuccinic anhydride (PPA-DDSA) was synthesized by the reaction of DDSA and N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine. The successful synthesis of amide additive was confirmed by various analytical techniques like Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Performance of prepared additive was evaluated as multifunctional additive for anti-oxidant, detergent dispersant, anti-corrosion, and lubricity properties. The MAK-500 ® mineral base oil and synthetic polyol base oil were used as a reference. The antioxidant property was evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, which revealed that PPA-DDSA was better antioxidant than PPA and gallic acid but less effective than butylated hydroxytoluene. PPA-DDSA was found to be excellent detergent dispersant in polyol in comparison to the MAK-500. At 4000 ppm additive concentration, the coking value is reduced to 0.0205 g from the value of 0.0840 g for blank polyol while the % dispersancy increased to 40.67 from 20.00 for polyol base oil. The antiwear property was observed to be better in the MAK-500 while the antifriction potential was found to be better in polyol base oil. The average wear scar is reduced from 881 to 550 μM at 2000 ppm concentration in MAK-500 base oil, while at 3000 ppm PPA-DDSA concentration, the average friction coefficient reduces to 0.0826 from 0.1276 for blank polyol.

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Three polymeric amides were developed by utilizing three acrylates of alkyl chain C‐8, C‐12 and C‐18 and maleic anhydride via polymerization pathway followed by successful coupling with N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine to give poly(Ac8‐co‐MA)PPA, poly(Ac12‐co‐MA)PPA and poly(Ac18‐co‐MA)PPA. After successful molecular identification, application as lubricant additives as viscosity index improver, pour point depressants, deposit control agents and anticorrosion was done in polyol based synthetic lube oil. A rheological study was also carried out. For comparative performance evaluation, the commercial additives were also taken. Because of the diphenyl moiety in the molecular structure, additives showed the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. Poly(Ac18‐co‐MA)PPA additive at a high concentration of 5000 ppm, the viscosity index increased from 179 to 217 while the pour point decreased from −18 to −30°C. As far as the detergent dispersant property is concerned, poly(Ac18‐co‐MA) reduced the coking value from 87.5 to 13.2 mg, while % dispersancy increased from 20% to 42%.