CRISPR–Cas systems are adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes, providing resistance against invading viruses and plasmids. The identification of CRISPR loci is currently a non-standardized, ambiguous process, requiring the manual combination of multiple tools, where existing tools detect only parts of the CRISPR-systems, and lack quality control, annotation and assessment capabilities of the detected CRISPR loci. Our CRISPRloci server provides the first resource for the prediction and assessment of all possible CRISPR loci. The server integrates a series of advanced Machine Learning tools within a seamless web interface featuring: (i) prediction of all CRISPR arrays in the correct orientation; (ii) definition of CRISPR leaders for each locus; and (iii) annotation of cas genes and their unambiguous classification. As a result, CRISPRloci is able to accurately determine the CRISPR array and associated information, such as: the Cas subtypes; cassette boundaries; accuracy of the repeat structure, orientation and leader sequence; virus-host interactions; self-targeting; as well as the annotation of cas genes, all of which have been missing from existing tools. This annotation is presented in an interactive interface, making it easy for scientists to gain an overview of the CRISPR system in their organism of interest. Predictions are also rendered in GFF format, enabling in-depth genome browser inspection. In summary, CRISPRloci constitutes a full suite for CRISPR–Cas system characterization that offers annotation quality previously available only after manual inspection.
Hydro mechanical deep drawing (HDD) process is an advanced sheet metal forming technology. The aim of this process is to form deep drawn cups without any kind of forming instability such as buckling, wrinkling or bursting (tearing). The most important parameters in achieving this goal are fluid pressure and blank holder force. So in this study, a fuzzy logic control algorithm was used with Ls-Dyna FEA subroutines to determine the optimum fluid pressure (P) and the blank holder force (BHF) since it requires a lot of time and cost to perform this work with trial and error experiments. Minimum element thickness, punch wall contact position and wrinkling height were used as input parameters in the control algorithm. But studies on determining the BHF with the wrinkling height parameters have not been carried out yet. This will be investigated in further studies.
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