Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental problem all over the world. It is known that high concentration of heavy metals in soils and waters cause genotoxicity and damage to most of the functional biomolecules. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular changes in tomato ( Solanum lycopericum L.) genome under heavy metal of zinc stress. Zinc is a microelement which should be taken in very less amounts by plants, animals and humans. In plants, zinc in low concentration is essential for root and stem elongation, RNA levels, the cell's ribosome content and protein formation mechanism. But at high concentrations, it is toxic for plants like cadmium, lead and copper.In this current study, the molecular response of tomato (Solanum lycopericum L.) plants to zinc stress was examined by transcript accumulation analysis of two stress-related genes: (i) MT2 (metallothionein) gene, coding for a metal -binding protein and (ii) GR1 (glutathionreductase) gene, a marker of enzymatic ROS scavenging mechanism. A quantitative Real-Time PCR experiment was performed with MT2 and GR1 genes using RNA isolated from tomato roots or shoots treated for 24h with zinc at concentrations ranging from 20 to 1280ppm. Results showed that the genes were over-expressed in zinc-stressed tomato. The highest relative fold change value was measured on GR1 for both root and shoot indicating the activation of the oxidative stress enzyme to tolerate zinc stress.
Heavy metal contamination is an important environmental problem all over the world. High concentrations of heavy metals cause permanent damage stocells and tissues. In this study, the toxic effects of zincheavy metal in sunflower plant in population and molecular parameters were investigated. The effects of zincheavymetalon sunflower seedlings were determined using the changes in population parameters; rootlength, dry weight, and total solubleprotein content. Total protein content of sunflower plants was determined in a relationship in the opposite direction increasing the amount of metal concentrations. Genotoxic effects of heavymetal of zinc on sunflower plants were revealed by using changes in genomic template stability (GTS). According to analyses, serious changes in genomic template stability were detected and these results were compared with the growth, dry weight and total soluble protein content of the seedlings grown at various zinc concentrations. Also, it was seen that the genomic template stability significantly affected the primary root length, root dry weight and root total soluble protein content. Positive correlations were observed between physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters in sunflower seedlings under zinc stress.In conclusion, a comparison between physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters shows that zinc is a genotoxic agent for sunflower plants.
Environmental pollution, especially heavy metal pollution, is an important environmental problem all over the world. Heavy metals that accumulate in high concentrations in soil and water ecosystems are known to damage most functional biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein in living organisms and cause genotoxicity. For example, cadmium heavy metal is one of the heavy metals that negatively affect plant growth and development. The aim of this study is to determine the methylcytosine level in the sunflower plant genome and the changes in the methylation pattern under cadmium stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the methylcytosine level in the sunflower plant genome and the changes in the methylation pattern under cadmium stress. Sunflower seeds were grown with different concentrations of cadmium heavy metal solution (20 to 1280 ppm) for 3 weeks. According to the data obtained in the study, as the cadmium concentration increased, the growth and development of sunflower seedlings decreased. After detecting DNA band variations by RAPD analysis, methylcytosine levels in the sample genome were determined by CRED-RA technique. As a result of RAPD analysis, the highest GTS rate was 87.83% at 20 ppm cadmium concentration and the lowest rate was 81.75% at 320 ppm. Four different methylation patterns (Type I-IV) were determined according to the CRED-RA analysis. As a result of the study, significant changes in the DNA methylation pattern were observed by CRED-RA analysis in the sunflower genome exposed to cadmium heavy metal stress.
Abstract- (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280ppm)
Most plant parasitic nematode management methods are pre-plant treatments. One such treatment is the planting of cover crops that can reduce nematode populations. A cover crop is a crop that is grown before the main cash crop is planted. This method is used to either avoid soil erosion caused by fallowing land, or to reduce a pest that cannot reproduce on the cover crop for various reasons. Some cover crops release substances that are able to suppress other organisms. This is called allelopathy. Marigold (Tagetes spp.) which is a popular bedding plant, can be used as such a cover crop. The root exudates of marigold known to contain toxic bioactive chemicals having nematicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Thus as a method of biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes, growing of marigolds is not only a comely but also highly economical and helps in environmental amelioration.
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