Inkubator bayi adalah alat khusus yang digunakan bayi baru lahir yang digunakan untuk menjaga suhu bayi tetap hangat. Suhu di dalam inkubator bayi bisa di atur sesuai dengan kebutuhan bayi. Bayi yang paling banyak membutuhkan inkubator adalah bayi yang lahir prematur dan bayi yang lahir dengan berat rendah. Inkubator bayi yang baik adalah yang dapat menjaga suhu yang dibutuhkan secara stabil dan merata diseluruh ruang. Pada penelitian ini akan fokus pada pengamatan pada penyebaran suhu di dalam inkubator bayi. Pengujian pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan inkubator bayi skala lab. Inkubator bayi akan di setting pada suhu 32℃ kemudian sensor-sensor suhu DS18B20 akan diletakkan di empat sisi di dalam ruang inkubator bayi tersebut. Kemudian akan dilakukan pengukuran selama 30 menit dan diambil data berjangka setiap 2 menit sekali. Prototipe baby incubator temperature analyzer berhasil dibuat dan diuji banding dengan beberapa sensor suhu lain, hasilnya DS18B20 stabil dan memang bisa menjadi pilihan sensor suhu yang baik. Hasil pada pengujian tingkat penyebaran panas pada inkubator bayi, ada ketidak merataan suhu pada tiap titik sensor dengan perbedaan 0,15 ~ 0,29℃. Jika dibandingkan dengan Environment meter Krisbow, hasil pengukuran Environment cenderung lebih rendah. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa ada ketidakmerataan tingkat penyebaran suhu panas pada inkubator <0,30℃. Perlu dilakukan analisis lebih detail pada setiap setting suhu inkubator yaitu pada suhu 32~37℃ di penelitian lain.
Therapy is a form of health service to develop, maintain, and restore body movement and function by using manual handling and equipment. One of the therapies that many people need is for relaxation and reducing fatigue. One alternative is to use water as a medium (hydrotherapy). The pressure and temperature of the water used for shower therapy has been shown to provide physiological changes in humans. Shower therapy with warm water is strongly influenced by room temperature. The difference in outdoor air temperature (room) with the temperature of the water for bathing is very large will cause serious physiological problems. Therefore, to prevent the risk of differences in room temperature and water temperature being too large when bathing and/or shower therapy, a water temperature control system is needed that can maintain the temperature difference at a certain level. With a fuzzy logic controller system, the water temperature will be able to be controlled to adjust the outdoor air temperature (room). By adjusting the value of delta (∆) outside air temperature and water temperature, extreme temperature differences can be handled. The prototype of the water temperature control system in shower therapy with fuzzy logic has been successfully created with minimal functions with a water mixer system using solenoid valves. The water mixer can work at a minimum with the water temperature output which is still unstable and less accurate with a fairly high deviation. Setting the value of ΔT >5 produces a more stable water temperature output with an average deviation of <10%. The effect of pressure and water flow has not been seen and has not been observed.
Terapi infrared adalah terapi yang banyak dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan efek panas yang ditimbulkan pada tubuh manusia terutama pada permukaan kulit yang terpapar secara langsung. Ada beberapa jenid infrared tetapi yang paling umum digunakan untuk terapi adalah far-infrared (FIR). Dosis pemberian terapi infrared bervariatif dengan rentang 10-45 menit dan dilakukan beberapa kali dalam seminggu. Di Indonesia kebanyakan terapi infrared menggunakan lampu infrared portable. Pada terapi infrared ada beberapa hal yang harus dilakukan seperti menjaga jarak lampu infrared terdahap tubuh pasien, menjaga waktu terapi, dan mengarahkan ke lokasi yang butuh di terapi. Ada tiga parameter yang harus selalu di monitor dan di kendalikan: jarak, waktu, dan posisi. Untuk mengatur ketiga parameter tersebut dengan durasi terapi yang lumayan lama maka terapi infrared cukup melelahkan terapis atau orang yang membantu terapi infrared dengan lampu infrared. Dengan masalah tersebut, sebuah sistem terapi infrared otomatis akan sangat membantu. Rancang bangun sistem terapi infrared otomatis bisa membantu menyelesaikan masalah yang ada seperti mampu mengendalikan timer, jarak, dan posisi terapi infrared. Sistem terapi infrared yang sudah berhasil dibuat dapat bekerja dengan baik. Sensor jarak bekerja dengan akurat, mekanisme gerak dan timer juga bekerja dengan baik. Kata kunci: terapi infrared otomatis, terapi otomatis, terapi infrared, terapi FIR
Development of antibiotics resistance condition has been at a concerning state while data on the distribution of bacterial profile and the incidence of resistances in Indonesia are currently still limited at hospital environment, including at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in Manado, Indonesia. This study aimed to obtain the profile of bacteria and the pattern of susceptibility to antibiotics in patient's urine before and after urologic endoscopy procedures at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. Sampling was performed with the one-group test technique of Lemeshow. The data collection technique used urine culture test by calculating the percentages. The results obtained 42 patients as subjects. The urinary bacterial profile of patients who underwent urologic endoscopy procedures at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, namely E. coli (23.8%), Klebsiella (4.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.4%); 69% of urine samples showed negative culture results. The susceptibility pattern of bacteria to antibiotics in the subjects’ urine showed 100% sensitivity to the given antibiotics. No nosocomial infection was found, however, nosocomial infection yet could not be excluded. In conclusion, bacteria found in the patients’ urine are dominated by Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter baumannii which are still sensitive to antibiotics. Most urine samples showed negative results, and no nosocomial infection was found. Keywords: bacterial profile; bacterial susceptibility; antibiotic; urological endoscopic procedure
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare which analgesic is better between ketorolac and diclofenac. Material & Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane, EBSCO, Proquest database, and PICO analysis was used in determining the study question. The included article in the analysis was randomized controlled trials. Results: A total of 6 articles were included in the analysis, with no significant differences between ketorolac and diclofenac both in a direct comparison and indirect comparison (OR 2.74 [95%CI 0.72 – 10.43]; p= 0.14 and OR 0.51 [95%CI 0.29 – 0.91]; p= 0.49). Conclusion: Both ketorolac and diclofenac have the same efficacy in treating renal colic.
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