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Background:The pathergy test (PT) is important in the diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD). However, misinterpretation of the test might cause false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, immunopathologic and histopathologic tests are recommended with PT.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study is to determine histopathologic findings of positive pathergy reaction at BD.Materials and Methods:This study was performed on 23 patients with BD. All patients were in active period of the disease. After 48 h from the injection, biopsy was performed on positive pathergy lesions.Results:Of the specimen from positive PT lesions of patients with BD, nine revealed mixed type inflammatory cell infiltration (39.1%), two revealed lobular panniculitis without vasculitis (8.7%), two revealed neutrophil rich infiltration (8.7%), and five revealed lymphocyte rich infiltration (21.7%) at the subcutaneous tissue. Mixed type inflammatory cell infiltration (43.4%), endothelial swelling and thickening (17.3%), erythrocyte extravasation (26.0%), perivascular cell infiltration (13.0%), lymphocytic vascular reaction (8.6%), lymphocytic vasculitis (13.0%), and leukocytoclastic vasculitis (21.7%) were detected in dermis by histopathologic examinations. There was no statistically significant difference between histopathologic findings and sex, family history, and systemic involvement except uveitis.Conclusion:This is an exceptional study since it is the first study that determines subcutaneous tissue findings of positive pathergy reaction in Behçet patients. In our study, uveitis was found to be statistically significant in the patients who had vasculitis in dermis. It can be a clue for prediction of disease severity and course. Further, studies that include wide number of patients will better illuminate the correlation between subcutaneous tissue findings and disease severity and clinical course.

The objective of our study was to elucidate serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in Behcet's disease (BD) patients with active and inactive period. The multicenter study included 53 patients with active (n = 28) and inactive (n = 25) BD (mean age, 34.3 +/- 9 years; 15 men and 38 women) satisfying the International Study Group criteria and 26 healthy controls (mean age, 34.4 +/- 6.1 years; seven men and 19 women) matched for age and gender from a similar ethnic background. Serum natriuretic peptides levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay kit. Mean serum ANP concentrations in the active patients (4.01 +/- 1.21 ng/ml) were significantly lower than in the healthy controls (5.76 +/- 1.99 ng/ml, p = 0.004). Mean serum BNP levels were found to be significantly higher in both the active (6.19 +/- 2.97 ng/ml) and inactive (6.49 +/- 2.88 ng/ml) BD groups compared with the control group (3.82 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). Mean serum CNP concentrations in the active patients (0.49 +/- 0.12 ng/ml) were significantly lower than in the inactive patients (0.65 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.017) and the healthy controls (0.8 +/- 0.27 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that changes in natriuretic peptide levels may be associated with vasculitis that play role in the etiopathogenesis of the BD.

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcomas (PPLs) are rare aggressive malignancies originating from the smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary interstitium, bronchial tree, or blood vessels. Accounting for &#x3c;0.5% of lung tumors, PPLs are often initially undetected or misdiagnosed as pulmonary emboli, cardiac neoplasms, or as other more common lung cancer subtypes. Due to their aggressive and often lethal clinical profile, the diagnostic delay of PPL can significantly affect patient outcomes and must be avoided. Here we describe a case of PPL in a 40-year-old woman.

Background: Testicular cancer constitutes 1.0% of male cancer and typically carries a good prognosis. As far as we are aware, the role for hydrogen sulfide in testicular cancer and the level of hydrogen sulfide-synthesizing enzyme have never been addressed. Here we examined cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) expression in several germ-cell testicular tumors. Materials and Methods: Tissue microarrays were employed to examine CSE expression in 32 benign testicular samples, 88 testicular seminomas, 34 embryonal carcinomas, 4 mature teratomas, and 16 yolk sac tumors, and CSE expression was compared to that seen in benign testicular tissue. Results: Compared to benign testicular tissue, CSE expression was increased in all three types of testicular neoplasm but not in mature teratomas. Highest CSE expression was identified in embryonal carcinomas, which often show a relatively aggressive clinical course. Conclusion: For the first time, we show that CSE is increased in several common testicular germ-cell tumor types.Testicular cancer accounts for approximately 1.0% of male cancer and is the most common solid tumor among 18-to 34-year-old males. Interestingly, the incidence of testicular cancer has increased over the past several decades for unclear reasons (1). With effective treatment, the overall 5year survival for patients with these malignancies is 97% (2-4). The risk factors of testicular cancer include family or personal histories of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, Klinefelter's syndrome, congenital abnormalities, infertility, age, and ethnicity, with White and Hispanic males having higher incidences of these malignancies (1-5). Testicular cancer typically presents as a painless, solid testicular mass, although in some cases they present as scrotal swelling and heaviness, accompanied by testicular or scrotal pain (5). Testicular cancer is treated by radical inguinal orchiectomy, with further treatment based on tumor staging, which includes active surveillance and possible chemotherapy (5).Ninety-five percent of testicular malignancies are germ-cell tumors, with the remaining composed of sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors and other rarer tumor subtypes (6, 7). Common testicular germ-cell tumors include seminomas, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumors (YST), choriocarcinomas, and teratomas (6). Seminomas account for ~50% of testicular germcell tumors and consist of large polygonal cells with abundant pale glycogen-rich cytoplasm, with distinct cell membranes, coarse chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. Seminomas often show a nested architecture within fibrous septae with a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate. Placental alkaline phosphatase, c-KIT, and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 immunoreactivity is generally present and the patient's serum typically shows elevated lactate dehydrogenase. The majority of seminomas have isochromosome 12p and many carry c-KIT mutations (6). YSTs, or endodermal sinus tumors, account for 2.4% of adult testicular tumors but are found in 42% of mixed germ-cell tumors. There are at least 1...