Thermoset polymer has considerable useful properties in structure, energy and marine industries. Polyepoxide or epoxy is widely used in composite matrix materials, and therefore, the adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix is crucial. In order to enhance the adhesion conceptually, single steel fiber reinforcement polymer (SRP) was used in a polyepoxide matrix. The fiber pull-out test (FPO) was used to evaluate the adhesion properties by using thin films of copper for the wire fiber. For comparison, the results of the FPO for uncoated fiber with an average surface roughness of Ra = 0.03 μm were obtained. The results show an increase in toughness and strength compared with uncoated rougher fiber. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly show that copper debonding requires an interface fracture energy and there is a possibility of copper diffusion, which is confirmed by point EDX. The energy absorption of the wire thin film copper increased by 42%, and the maximum force pull-out increased by 14%. The modeling of the current study shows the crack initiation starts from the side of the fiber pull-out direction, and the maximum stress component was just near the free non-encompassed wire.
Aims: Sustainability modeling to study possibility of proposing several remanufacturing alternatives of conventional lathe into CNC machine tool. Study Design: Conventional machine tool into CNC machine remanufacturing-upgrading experience is mixed with literature based analysis to weight the criteria and the alternatives of assessment. Global weights are found to rank the alternatives. Suitable literature can be projected comparatively to construct sustainability model. Sustainability assessment models in field of lathe remanufacturing-upgrading are reviewed and modified to accommodate new changes that accompany the current case study. Place and Duration of Study: Middle Technical University, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Mechanical Techniques Department, between 2019 and 2020. Methodology: 1- Literature survey to find out the most used sustainability assessment criteria. 2-Economic, environmental and social criteria specifying. 3-Normilizing weights of criteria. 4- Matching local weights of assessment criteria with fuzzy triangular numbers to find out the whole weights. 5-Senairo based analysis application to find out alternatives of remanufacturing. 6-Weighting alternatives, criteria and sub-criteria. 7- Find global weights and rank the alternatives. Decision making for selection of remanufactured alternatives and remanufacturing alternatives can include :(1) Spindle , gearbox and dovetail guide ways reuse scenario. (2) Spindle remanufacturing scenario. (3) Gearbox remanufacturing scenario. (4) Dovetail guide ways remanufacturing scenario.(5) Spindle and gearbox remanufacturing scenario. (6) Spindle and dovetail guide ways remanufacturing scenario. (7) Spindle, gearbox and dovetail guide ways remanufacturing scenario. Alternatives in field of machine tools remanufacturing are reviewed. Experience in field of machine tool remanufacturing is exploited to remodeling the existence models to optimize a remanufactured lathe into CNC machine case study. Results: Emerging technology aided Conventional-CNC lathe remanufacturing-upgrading alternative exhibits good behavior of criteria toward optimization. While advanced technology aided Conventional-CNC lathe remanufacturing exhibits behavior to be of interesting developing potentials. Conventional-Conventional lathe remanufacturing is of lower potentials to be developed into optimum solution. Conclusion: Remanufacturing-upgrading of conventional lathe into CNC machine in its mechanical part, it is merely traditional remanufacturing process of conventional lathe where gearbox can be eliminated due to use of motorized axis. Feed rod and lead screws, in both forward and transvers directions, can be replaced with motorized ball screws. Also tool post can be replaced with automatic tool changer while saddle can be reused. The most promising technological key is the use of mate/insert/screw to assembly ball guide ways to disable dovetail guide ways and highlight structural specifications of CNC lathe. Thus precision, accuracy, repeatability and reliability will be enhanced considerably. Comparative literature based analysis and experience based analysis with uncertainty reduction can substitute the leak of relevant data acquisition for remanufacturing-upgrading modeling. Which enables simplify certain difficulties and the calculations of some criteria and adopts simplified methods so that theoretic and practical gap can be directed towards certain actual conditions to reach the optimum solution.
Aims: Remanufacturability Index (RI) was calculated to indicate the ability of remanufacturing conventional shaping into CNC machine tool through multi-criteria assessment methodology. Place and Duration of Study: Middle Technical University, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Mechanical Techniques School, between 2021/2022. Methodology: Conventional shaping machines which are remanufactured-upgraded into CNC machine tools were analyzed to classify a group of seven remanufacturing-upgrading alternatives. Multi-criteria were defined include cost, time, accuracy and complex shape, reliability, processing range and efficiency and ergonomic. Weighting of importance of criteria and performance of alternatives were conducted by applying comparative literature analysis and machine tool remanufacturing experience analysis of mechanical structure of remanufactured-upgraded conventional shaping into CNC machine tool as well as alternatives performances scoring. Results: As many as the number of automated axes, as high as the Remanufacturability Index (RI) which is dedicated to remanufactured-upgraded conventional shaping into 2-axis to 5-axis CNC machine tool. Conclusion: Remanufactured-upgrading conventional shaping into CNC machine tool is of high remanufacturing potentials that satisfy conditions of technical, economic and environmental feasibilities.
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