This paper presents the characteristics of monostatic radar for improving accuracy of detection through determination of the factors that were responsible for power losses in radar signal transmission and interception by targets. These factors were improved upon by looking at some parameter like the antennae gain or transmitter gain, and evaluating the result through Matlab testing of some measured distance values. This was achieved by simulating mathematical radar equations by liu, 2014, of signals transmitted over selected distances say, from 5km to 100km and evaluated the result. These power losses in the transmitted signal which characterize the error in range resolution and target detection of the returned signal in a radar system, were mitigated by increasing the antennae or transmitter gain over long distances in monostatic radar to improve the range and detection capability. The transmitting material effective aperture which forms part of the radar design was also characterized to show its effect in high definition radar development. In the table below, results of matlab simulation of varied target positions were tabulated to show better definition of target ranges over long distances while increasing transmitter gain, and effective aperture of the transmitting material though it was a function of the distance of the receiver from the target. Specific radar design and implementation are basically worked upon through these factors which can aid material selection to forestall errors in radar target detection.
ABSTRACT:Despite the presence and use of modern aviation equipment and instrumentation, there are still regular occurrences of air wish ups with very grave consequences. Often this has been attributed not only to equipment failures but to the inability of the operators to read or understood the role of nature in air navigation. These natural effects are the cloud cover, rainfall (both the volume and rate) as well as temperature. This paper uses empirical information of some of these meteorological conditions on radar signal reception to predict weather conditions. The work was carried out at Akanu Ibiam International Airport situated in Enugu, one of the old regional capitals of Nigeria, Enugu (6.42 o N, 7.61 o E). This was because of its strategic position and weather variations. It is neither of the heavy rainfall area nor of the hot dry zone of the country. It also has some hills around it which gave its name, Enugu, meaning on top of a hill. Using simple model, it was found that as the rainfall rate increased the value of the return power is only significantly noticeable at higher frequencies of 30GHz and above but for lower the backscatter echo signal is negligibly small irrespective of the values of the frequency. The results show that for communication in Enugu, radar frequency of between 10 and 30 GHz are recommended.
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