Article is devoted to the formation of a regional model of development and management of processes to improve energy efficiency of low-rise residential construction in Russia. Authors define the role and place of low-rise construction in the national socio-economic priorities, as well as the method of forming regional models. Developed a set of indicators to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of the model. The analysis and evaluation revealed the ineffectiveness of the existing state of regional development programs for low-rise construction. The main objective of the study is to develop a theoretical basis and practical recommendations for the formation of affordable low-rise housing that meets the requirements of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. Authors have solved the problem of forming a model based on a systematic and interdisciplinary approaches, and demonstrate the effects associated with its implementation. The study uses the methods and principles of object-logical

The role of human capital in economic growth has been thoroughly discussed and emphasised in a variety of modern growth theories, especially since the 1960s. At the same time, indisputable empirical proof on the positive impacts of schooling on growth has been difficult to achieve. Some studies have reported positive, some insignificant, some even negative results on the impact of schooling on growth. The reason for the controversy could be that direct measuring of human capital is not an easy task. The typical measures for human capital in empirical studies have been literacy rate, school enrolment ratio, and, as the most prominent one, average years of schooling in the working age population.This paper explores empirically what the feedback is to theory when human capital is assessed in the National Accounts framework. While GDP and physical capital have grown exponentially in the long run, average years of schooling, and the other proxies mentioned, grow linearly. This is not necessarily the case with an estimate for human capital in the National Accounts frame. The first feedback to growth theory concerns this.The linear growth of average years of schooling is likely at least one of the reasons why the human capital variable often enters with an exponential structure in various growth models. In empirical studies, especially in the longitudinal ones, an exponential transformation for the average years of schooling in the working ages, in accordance with Mincerian equations, has been carried out for receiving an estimate for human capital. However, without a similar transformation in the other core variables, GDP and physical capital stock, this implicitly refers to increasing returns to schooling itself. With an estimate in the National Accounts frame this type of transformation does not seem to be needed. For instance, Kendrick's estimate through accumulated costs for the stock of education and training grows exponentially, and does not refer to increasing returns to schooling. Therefore, human capital assessed in the National Accounts can probably be entered straight-forwardly in the production function, without any assumptions.The main objective to be studied is whether human capital assessed in the National Accounts changes the view on whether physical and human capital accumulation would be the main factors of growth or whether it has been the exogenous technical change. In empirical studies, with the proxy variables for human capital, the answer has usually favoured the latter. Instead, in accordance with the lifetime labour incomes system for human capital, Jorgenson and Fraumeni have demonstrated that the accumulation of human and non-human capital accounts for a predominant share of economic growth.The mentioned systems of Kendrick and Jorgenson & Fraumeni have broadened the National Accounts far beyond the standard GDP. Their imputed values for non-market activities have been included in the new GDP. Instead, the studies with the proxy variables have explored the connection of schooling with the sta...

In the context of global competition, attracting and retaining talent is the most important common goal of universities and cities. Universities have long played an important role in the competitiveness of cities, regions and the country as a whole, as they contribute to the accumulation of human capital. The interaction of the city and the university can be observed from the time of their formation. In this paper, the authors considered a parallel analysis of the development (evolution) of two different socio-economic systems such as the university and the city from antiquity to the present. Based on this analysis, we can conclude that universities have played a significant role in the development of cities, and cities, in turn, have led to the emergence and development of universities. The role of universities was that they were both centers of education and centers of research. It was within the framework of universities that the results of scientific research appeared, which moved cities up in evolution.

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Relevance of the study is defined by the large-scale aspirations of the state to enhance the processes of energy saving and energy efficiency in the sectors of the national economy. First of all, this concerns the energy-intensive industries, such as housing and utilities sector. Nodal stage and formalization of these processes are the public regional energy savings that have been developed, adopted and implemented since 2010. The aim of the study is to conduct a critical analysis of management models of the public regional programs of energy saving and energy efficiency in the context of housing complex. In particular, form the perspective of the changing Russian legislation in the sphere of the utilities sector and the new conditions and requirements for the subjects of housing and communal relations and management of public utilities complex. At the federal level, this has resulted in the development and adoption of a number of basic legal acts in the field of public utilities regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation.The study revealed a number of obstacles to the successful implementation of energy saving policy in the utility sector, highlighted key weaknesses of regional energy efficiency programs, and identified the ways of their improvement in relation to the relevant processes in the housing sector, as the main energy consumer and producer.