The urbanization processes in Russia have had a significant impact on the state of human resources in urban and rural areas, including the decline in the birth rate. As part of this study, the authors studied the characteristics of the births of the first and subsequent children in urban and rural areas, as well as the influence of such factors as the level of per capita incomes of the population. In the course of analysis based on averaged time data for the subjects of the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2017, a cross section was conducted. His results showed the presence of various, sometimes opposite fertility trends of the first and subsequent children among the population in urban and rural areas. So, the birth of the first child both in the city and in the village practically does not depend on the income level of the population. With respect to subsequent children, the opposite trend is observed-in the city, with the growth of income, the total birth rate of second and subsequent children decreases, while in rural areas it grows. According to the authors, these processes are influenced not only by objective factors-the proportion of women of reproductive age, but also subjective-by the features of reproductive behavior, including an increase in the age of birth of the first child in rural areas.
Уральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина, доцент кафедры теории, методологии и правового обеспечения государствен ного и муниципального управления, кандидат социологических наук, доцент.
The article analyzes the experience of creation and development of the Department of History of Science and Technology at Ural Federal University. The article by the head of the Department of History of Science and Technology UGTU - UPI - UrFU Professor V.V. Zaparia and his colleagues from the department, docents V.A. Doroshenko and E.V. Zaytseva, analyze and summarize the almost 20-year history of the department. The article reveals the achievements of the department staff and its problematic moments, as well as considers the history and methods of teaching the main discipline of the department - the history of science and technology. The author describes the creation of methodological works in the form of textbooks, teaching aids and reading-books, multimedia courses. The authors not only summed up the results of the department, but also showed its place in the Russian school of historical research and analyzed the main directions of scientific work of the teaching staff.
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